Figure 3.

CAR construct approaches to overcoming exhaustion in CAR T cell therapy. (a) Diagram of the conventional construction of a CAR. Post-transcriptional regulation of CAR at the surface of the T cell include drug-induced stabilization (b) and de-stabilization (c). Methods of regulating CAR expression at the transcriptional level include inducible systems (d), self-driving CAR promoters (e), and tumor microenvironment (TME) factor driven CAR promoters. Switchable CARs (g) and split CARs (h) uncouple the antigen recognition or co-stimulation from the CD3ζ domain. TM: transmembrane domain, co-stim: co-stimulatory domain, TME: tumor microenvironment. Original figure.