Table 4.
TLRs and infectious diseases.
| TLR | Class of Pathogen Recognized | Infectious Agent | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| TLR1/2 | Bacteria | Mycobacteria | (278–280) |
| TLR2 | Bacteria |
Staphylococcus aureus
Listeria monocytogenes |
(281, 282) |
| ssRNA viruses | SARS-CoV-2 | (283) | |
| TLR2/3 | Protozoa | Neospora caninum | (284) |
| TLR3 | DNA viruses | HSV | (285) |
| Retroviruses | HIV | (286–290) | |
| ssRNA viruses | Respiratory syncytial virus | (291–294) | |
| Protozoa | Neospora caninum | (295) | |
| TLR4 | Bacteria | Staphylococcus aureus | (281, 296) |
| ssRNA viruses | Syncytial virus | (297) | |
| Rabies virus | (298, 299) | ||
| Bacteria | Mycobacteria | (300) | |
| TLR5 | Bacteria | Burkholderia pseudomallei | (301) |
| TLR2/6 | ssRNA viruses | Dengue virus | (302) |
| TLR6 | Bacteria | Legionella pneumophila | (303) |
| TLR7 | Protozoa | Leishmania | (304) |
| TLR7/8 | ssRNA viruses | Influenza A | (305) |
| Retroviruses | HIV-1 | (306–308) | |
| TLR8 | Retroviruses | HIV-1 | (309) |
| Bacteria | Staphylococcus aureus | (310) | |
| TLR9 | DNA viruses | HSV-1, HSV-2 | (311) |
| HPV | (312) | ||
| Adenovirus | (313–315) |