Table 1.
Characteristics of study sample based on combinations of BMI and metabolic health defined by Adult Treatment Panel-3 criteria (N=6276).
| Characteristics | MHNWa (n=2548) | MHOWb (n=1135) | MHOc (n=198) | MUNWd (n=955) | MUOWe (n=981) | MUOf (n=459) | P valueg | P value for trendh | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 49.53 (11.21) | 50.43 (10.66) | 49.68 (10.88) | 54.66 (10.77) | 53.15 (10.30) | 52.36 (10.68) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Sex (male), n (%) | 1188 (46.6) | 507 (44.7) | 71 (35.9) | 432 (45.2) | 496 (50.6) | 201 (43.8) | .002 | .59 | |
| Smoker, n (%) | 859 (33.7) | 314 (27.7) | 37 (18.7) | 315 (33) | 341 (34.8) | 125 (27.2) | <.001 | .49 | |
| Alcohol drinker, n (%) | 882 (34.6) | 398 (35.1) | 59 (29.8) | 290 (30.4) | 368 (37.5) | 144 (31.4) | .01 | .52 | |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 55.72 (6.83) | 66.66 (7.14) | 76.08 (9.27) | 56.99 (7.18) | 67.73 (7.82) | 78.42 (9.45) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Height (cm), mean (SD) | 160.86 (8.12) | 161.25 (8.04) | 160.10 (8.92) | 160.70 (8.50) | 161.83 (8.57) | 161.00 (8.61) | .01 | .12 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 21.48 (1.44) | 25.58 (1.10) | 29.59 (1.51) | 22.00 (1.40) | 25.79 (1.12) | 30.18 (1.92) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 77.76 (7.12) | 87.30 (6.82) | 95.40 (8.25) | 80.70 (7.43) | 89.06 (6.72) | 98.27 (7.50) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Hip circumference (cm), mean (SD) | 91.16 (5.47) | 98.27 (5.75) | 105.01 (6.14) | 92.16 (6.24) | 98.59 (5.39) | 106.07 (6.15) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| HDL-Ci (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.58 (0.49) | 1.46 (0.34) | 1.47 (0.34) | 1.31 (0.39) | 1.20 (0.33) | 1.18 (0.60) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| LDL-Cj (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 2.93 (0.91) | 3.16 (0.84) | 3.27 (0.88) | 3.01 (1.07) | 3.10 (1.05) | 3.13 (1.23) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| DBPk (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 76.98 (9.78) | 80.54 (10.45) | 83.17 (9.92) | 84.06 (11.11) | 86.21 (10.44) | 89.75 (12.11) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| SBPl (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 118.08 (15.30) | 123.11 (16.81) | 127.00 (14.80) | 130.66 (18.46) | 133.19 (18.00) | 137.72 (20.37) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| FPGm (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 4.94 (0.66) | 5.04 (0.79) | 5.13 (0.94) | 5.91 (1.54) | 5.92 (1.71) | 6.11 (1.67) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| TCn (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 4.71 (0.91) | 4.90 (0.91) | 5.00 (0.92) | 5.04 (1.08) | 5.21 (1.04) | 5.22 (1.07) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| TGo (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.09 (0.65) | 1.27 (0.70) | 1.25 (0.51) | 2.33 (1.55) | 2.82 (2.10) | 2.96 (2.15) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Urea (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.43 (1.63) | 5.45 (1.45) | 5.33 (1.19) | 5.54 (1.45) | 5.65 (1.48) | 5.59 (1.47) | .001 | <.001 | |
| Uric acid (µmol/L), mean (SD) | 276.75 (82.64) | 291.26 (84.42) | 292.03 (75.75) | 325.58 (106.51) | 358.75 (131.02) | 362.59 (115.99) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| HOMA-IRp, mean (SD) | 2.38 (3.15) | 2.93 (4.40) | 3.43 (2.74) | 4.89 (11.37) | 5.23 (7.93) | 6.26 (6.58) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| hsCRPq, mean (SD) | 1.81 (5.24) | 2.21 (5.25) | 2.77 (4.40) | 2.82 (10.08) | 2.94 (5.66) | 3.68 (5.22) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| HbA1Cr, mean (SD) | 5.41 (0.53) | 5.54 (0.53) | 5.66 (0.69) | 5.67 (0.94) | 5.83 (0.94) | 6.05 (1.02) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Age groups, n (%) | |||||||||
|
|
30-39 | 609 (23.9) | 225 (19.8) | 43 (21.7) | 102 (10.7) | 119 (12.1) | 63 (14) | <.001 | <.001 |
|
|
40-49 | 738 (29) | 349 (30.7) | 63 (31.8) | 220 (23) | 252 (25.7) | 139 (30.2) | <.001 | <.001 |
|
|
50-59 | 700 (27.5) | 322 (28.4) | 52 (26.3) | 311 (32.6) | 346 (35.3) | 149 (32.5) | <.001 | <.001 |
|
|
60-69 | 390 (15.3) | 194 (17.1) | 33 (16.7) | 246 (25.8) | 212 (21.6) | 78 (17) | <.001 | <.001 |
|
|
≥70 | 111 (4.4) | 45 (4) | 7 (3.5) | 76 (8) | 52 (5) | 30 (7) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 379 (14.9) | 251 (22.1) | 70 (35.4) | 419 (43.9) | 511 (52.1) | 279 (60.8) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 21 (0.8) | 10 (0.9) | 3 (1.5) | 112 (11.7) | 110 (11.2) | 74 (16) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 372 (14.6) | 234 (20.6) | 46 (23.2) | 545 (57.1) | 696 (71) | 338 (73.6) | <.001 | <.001 | |
| Hyperuricemia, n (%) | 170 (6.7) | 119 (10.5) | 18 (9.1) | 187 (19.6) | 302 (30.8) | 156 (34) | <.001 | <.001 | |
aMHNW: metabolically healthy normal weight.
bMHOW: metabolically healthy overweight.
cMHO: metabolically healthy obese.
dMUNW: metabolically unhealthy normal weight.
eMUOW: metabolically unhealthy overweight.
fMUO: metabolically unhealthy obese.
gThe P value for overall comparison of the different obesity phenotypes.
hThe P value for trend was computed from the Pearson test for continuous variables and the Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test for categorical variables.
iHDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
jLDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
kDBP: diastolic blood pressure.
lSBP: systolic blood pressure.
mFPG: fasting plasma glucose.
nTC: total cholesterol.
oTG: triglyceride.
pHOMA-IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.
qhsCRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.
rHbA1c: hemoglobin A1c.