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. 2022 Mar 2;8(3):e33191. doi: 10.2196/33191

Table 3.

Changes in the estimated cumulative costs and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of esophageal cancer (EC) in females in China according to the key parameters considered in the sensitivity analyses.

Parameter Changes in estimated cost, billions(%) Changes in estimated DALYs, thousands (%)

2030 2025 2020 2030 2025 2020
Baseline value 279.5 191.1 111.7 17687.7 13382.4 8628.1
AAGRa of DMEb

0.0475 instead of 0.0432 11.8 (4.2) 5.8 (3.0) 2.0 (1.8) NCc NC NC

0.0388 instead of 0.0432 –11.4 (–4.1) –5.7 (–3.0) –2.0 (–1.8) NC NC NC
AAPCd of EC incidence

–0.016 instead of –0.025 18.3 (6.5) 7.7 (4.0) 2.1 (1.9) 873.3 (5.0) 402.4 (3.0) 109.1 (1.3)

–0.035 instead of –0.025 –18.4 (–6.6) –8.0 (–4.2) –2.2 (–2.0) –891.9 (–5.0) –422.9 (–3.2) –117.9 (–1.4)
AAPC of EC mortality

–0.011 instead of –0.027 NC NC NC 0.9 (0.0) 0.4 (0.0) 0.1 (0.0)

–0.042 instead of –0.027 NC NC NC –0.8 (0.0) –0.3 (0.0) –0.1 (0.0)
5-year survival rate

0.208 instead of 0.199 6.9 (2.5) 4.2 (2.2) 2.0 (1.8) –57.9 (–0.3) –71.8 (–0.5) –77.5 (–0.9)

0.190 instead of 0.199 –6.4 (–2.3) –4.0 (–2.1) –1.9 (–1.7) 53.3 (0.3) 66.6 (0.5) 72.9 (0.8)
Risk ratio of all-cause mortality

1.47 instead of 1.33 1.0 (0.4) 0.8 (0.2) 0.2 (0.2) 51.2 (0.3) 27.0 (0.2) 10.0 (0.1)

1.20 instead of 1.33 –1.1 (–0.4) –0.5 (–0.3) –0.2 (–0.2) –53.3 (–0.3) –28.1 (–0.2) –10.3 (–0.1)
Birth rate

High estimatese 0.7 (0.3) 0.1 (0.1) NC 27.0 (0.2) 3.2 (0.0) NC

Low estimatese –0.7 (–0.3) –0.1 (–0.1) NC –27.2 (–0.2) –3.2 (0.0) NC
Sex ratio of the total population

High estimatesf NC NC NC –1.2 (–0.0) –0.1 (0.0) NC

Low estimatesf NC NC NC 1.2 (0.0) 0.1 (0.0) NC
Risk ratio of infant mortality

1.04 instead of 0.95 NC NC NC 0.4 (0.0) 0.19 (0.0) 0.1 (0.0)

0.85 instead of 0.94 NC NC NC –0.5 (0.0) –0.2 (0.0) –0.1 (0.0)
Disability weight

0.435 instead of 0.395 NC NC NC 147.6 (0.8) 112.3 (0.9) 73.3 (0.9)

0.356 instead of 0.395 NC NC NC –147.6 (–0.8) –112.3 (–0.8) –73.3 (–0.9)
All-cause mortality

High estimatese NC NC NC NC NC NC

Low estimatese NC NC NC NC NC NC

aAAGR: average annual growth rate.

bDME: direct medical expenditure.

cNC: no changes in estimated costs or DALYs.

dAAPC: average annual percentage change.

eSee Table S2 in Multimedia Appendix 1.

fSee Table S3 in Multimedia Appendix 1.