Fig. 3.

A Predator vs prey mass. Gray points are a dataset of predator and prey masses (Brose et al., 2019). The dashed line (major axis regression) represents typical predator-prey mass ratios. Trophic links exploited by parasites are overlaid as colored points with current host (or propagule) mass as prey and next host mass as predator. Panels separate parasites by life-cycle length (i.e. the number of successive hosts before reproduction). B The difference between observed and expected next host mass (i.e. the residuals from A) plotted by life-cycle stage. Black point ranges are means and 95% credible intervals estimated from models accounting for parasite taxonomy and missing data. Missing host masses were imputed; Xʼs represent the average from 100 imputations of the y-axis variable. Circles are observed data. Adapted from Benesh et al. (2021a).