Table 1.
Characteristics of adult cancer survivors in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013–2018 by secondhand smoke exposure status
|
No Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Never-Smoking Adult Cancer Survivors (N = 591) |
Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Never-Smoking Adult Cancer Survivors (N = 239) |
P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SE), years | 59.4 (0.58) | 54.6 (1.13) | < 0.001 |
| Sex | 0.015 | ||
| Male | 52 (8.8) | 27 (11.3) | |
| Female | 539 (91.2) | 212 (88.7) | |
| Education level | 0.462 | ||
| Elementary school | 228 (38.7) | 73 (30.5) | |
| Middle School | 83 (14.1) | 39 (16.3) | |
| High School | 150 (25.5) | 71 (29.7) | |
| ≥ College/University | 128 (21.7) | 56 (23.4) | |
| Household income | 0.045 | ||
| 1Q | 169 (28.6) | 58 (24.3) | |
| 2Q | 137 (23.2) | 71 (29.7) | |
| 3Q | 137 (23.2) | 65 (27.2) | |
| 4Q | 148 (76.7) | 45 (23.3) | |
| Insurance type | 0.003 | ||
| Self-employed insured | 165 (27.9) | 93 (38.9) | |
| Employee insured | 397 (67.2) | 139 (58.2) | |
| Medical aid | 28 (4.7) | 7 (2.9) | |
| Marital status | 0.01 | ||
| Married | 582 (98.5) | 231 (96.7) | |
| Single, widowed, divorced, separated | 9 (1.5) | 8 (3.4) | |
| Residential area | 0.599 | ||
| Urban/Metropolitan | 419 (70.9) | 175 (73.2) | |
| Rural | 172 (29.1) | 64 (26.8) | |
| Occupation type | 0.034 | ||
| Manager, professionals | 64 (10.8) | 35 (14.6) | |
| Manual labor | 156 (26.4) | 82 (34.3) | |
| Unemployed | 371 (62.8) | 122 (51.1) | |
| Regular aerobic exerciseb | 218 (36.9) | 89 (37.2) | 0.438 |
| Muscle strengthening exercise | 0.023 | ||
| None | 489 (82.7) | 179 (74.9) | |
| 1–2 times per week | 32 (5.4) | 29 (12.1) | |
| 3–4 times per week | 36 (6.1) | 10 (4.2) | |
| ≥ 5 times per week | 34 (5.8) | 21 (8.8) | |
| Alcohol consumption | < 0.001 | ||
| None | 448 (75.8) | 146 (61.1) | |
| Habitual consumptionc | 143 (24.2) | 93 (38.9) | |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day), mean (SE) | 1021.5 (32.9) | 1005.0 (51.2) | 0.793 |
| Cancer sites | |||
| Gastric cancer | 79 (13.4) | 25 (10.5) | 0.698 |
| Colorectal cancer | 48 (8.1) | 16 (6.7) | 0.025 |
| Breast cancer | 113 (19.1) | 48 (20.1) | 0.670 |
| Cervical cancer | 93 (15.7) | 42 (17.6) | 0.309 |
| Thyroid cancer | 169 (28.6) | 65 (27.2) | 0.820 |
| Other types | 100 (16.9) | 43 (18.0) | 0.448 |
| Family history of cardiovascular diseased | 113 (19.1) | 48 (20.1) | 0.284 |
Values above are presented as n (%) using unless otherwise specified
Abbreviations: SE Standard Error, Q Quartile
aComputed from survey regression for continuous variables and Rao-Scott F-adjusted chi-square test for categorical variables
bEngaging in at least 1.25 to 2.5 h of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise per week
cConsuming at least one standard drink (approximately 10.0 g of alcohol) in a month
dFamily history of coronary heart disease or stroke