Table 1.

Demographics, predictors, and outcomes

Variables	N = 2,233
Demographics and related clinical profile
Age, mean (SD)	82.1 (8.2)
Gender, n (%)
Male	703 (31.5)
Female	1,530 (68.5)
Cognitive function at baseline (CPS), mean (SD)	1.5 (1.2)
Follow-up year, mean (SD)	4.4 (0.8)
Co-morbidities
Dementia, n (%)	643 (28.8)
Stroke, n (%)	684 (30.6)
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	563 (25.2)
Hypertension, n (%)	1,373 (61.5)
Predictors
Hearing impairment, n (%)	881 (39.5)
Visual impairment, n (%)	388 (17.4)
Dual sensory impairment, n (%)
No	1,237 (55.4)
Single	723 (32.4)
Dual	273 (12.2)
Mediators
Hearing aid use pattern, n (%)
Having no/ Not using hearing aids	2,129 (95.3)
Having hearing aids but not regularly used	56 (2.5)
Having hearing aids and often used	48 (2.1)
Visual aid use, n (%)
Not using visual aids	1,620 (72.5)
Using visual aids	613 (27.5)
Outcome
Change in cognitive function (CPS), mean (SD)	0.4 (0.8)

^{CPS Cognitive Performance Scale}