Table 3.

Associations between visual impairment, hearing impairment, and dual sensory impairment with cognitive decline

Model	Predictors	Estimated marginal mean difference in CPSa change score	F	p-value
1	Visual impairment		8.426	0.004
	No	-0.142
	Yes	0
2	Hearing impairment		5.237	0.022
	No	-0.083
	Yes	0
3	Dual sensory impairment		6.083	0.002 0.001 0.021
	No	-0.205
	Single	-0.139
	Dual	0

^aCPS cognitive performance scale

All models are adjusted for age, gender, and baseline cognitive function, dementia, diabetes, hypertension, and stroke