Table 2.
Multivariable analysis of non-recent HIV infections stratified by transmission mode
| n = 2491 | n = 6511 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MSM2 | HET3 | |||||
| n (%)† | aPR [95% CI]‡ | p-value | n (%)† | aPR [95% CI]‡ | p-value | |
| GISD1 | ||||||
| Low deprivation | 1052 (61.7%) | 1 | 556 (76.9%) | 1 | ||
| Medium deprivation | 2611 (62.1%) | 1.00 [0.96, 1.05] | 0.873 | 1161 (76.5%) | 1.00 [0.95, 1.05] | 0.940 |
| High deprivation | 398 (66.0%) | 1.06 [0.99, 1.13] | 0.091 | 188 (74.9%) | 0.98 [0.90, 1.05] | 0.535 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 4061 (62.4%) | 1 | 618 (78.5%) | 1 | ||
| Female | (omitted) | 1287 (75.5%) | 0.95 [0.91, 1.00] | 0.030 | ||
| Approx. age (time of infection) | ||||||
| 15 to 19 | 43 (38.1%) | 0.60 [0.47, 0.76] | < 0.001 | 49 (76.6%) | 1.00 [0.88, 1.15] | 0.919 |
| 20 to 29 | 1485 (61.6%) | 0.98 [0.93, 1.02] | 0.342 | 703 (79.3%) | 1.04 [0.99, 1.09] | 0.129 |
| 30 to 39 | 1235 (62.8%) | 1 | 632 (76.1%) | 1 | ||
| 40 to 49 | 935 (66.1%) | 1.05 [1.00, 1.10] | 0.044 | 310 (74.9%) | 0.99 [0.93, 1.07] | 0.854 |
| 50 to 59 | 275 (59.9%) | 0.95 [0.88, 1.03] | 0.185 | 156 (73.2%) | 0.99 [0.90, 1.08] | 0.769 |
| 60 to 69 | 74 (62.7%) | 1.00 [0.85, 1.17] | 0.987 | 43 (68.3%) | 0.92 [0.78, 1.09] | 0.333 |
| > 69 | 14 (50.0%) | 0.80 [0.58, 1.11] | 0.181 | 12 (63.2%) | 0.86 [0.60, 1.24] | 0.416 |
| Region of origin | ||||||
| Western and Central Europe | 3685 (62.2%) | 1 | 631 (70.8%) | 1 | ||
| Asia and the Pacific | 103 (65.6%) | 1.07 [0.96, 1.20] | 0.222 | 89 (81.7%) | 1.16 [1.04, 1.28] | 0.007 |
| Caribbean | 14 (70.0%) | 1.14 [0.84, 1.54] | 0.407 | 11 (68.8%) | 0.98 [0.70, 1.37] | 0.889 |
| Eastern Europe and Central Asia | 44 (57.1%) | 0.93 [0.77, 1.12] | 0.433 | 109 (77.3%) | 1.08 [0.98, 1.20] | 0.107 |
| Latin America | 105 (66.0%) | 1.09 [0.98, 1.20] | 0.101 | 13 (68.4%) | 0.97 [0.71, 1.32] | 0.838 |
| Middle East and North Africa | 49 (62.8%) | 1.02 [0.85, 1.23] | 0.802 | 54 (80.6%) | 1.11 [0.98, 1.25] | 0.089 |
| North America | 24 (72.7%) | 1.19 [0.92, 1.54] | 0.191 | 1 (50.0%) | 0.69 [0.17, 2.90] | 0.616 |
| Sub-Saharan Africa | 37 (60.7%) | 1.01 [0.82, 1.25] | 0.911 | 997 (80.0%) | 1.12 [1.06, 1.18] | < 0.001 |
| City size | ||||||
| Countryside < 100 k residents | 1578 (64.5%) | 1.06 [1.00, 1.12] | 0.041 | 971 (77.7%) | 1.03 [0.96, 1.11] | 0.397 |
| Town 100 k—< 1 million residents | 1289 (61.0%) | 1.00 [0.95, 1.06] | 0.988 | 578 (75.1%) | 1.00 [0.92, 1.08] | 0.980 |
| Major city ≥ 1 million residents | 1194 (61.1%) | 1 | 356 (75.6%) | 1 |
1GISD German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation, 2MSM Men who have sex with men, 3HET Persons with heterosexual contact
†Strata specific number and proportion of non-recent infections at the time of diagnosis
‡Prevalence ratios with corresponding 95% confidence intervals of non-recent infections at the time of diagnosis were calculated for the exposure variable GISD using stratified multivariable Poisson regression with ZIP code cluster-robust error variance (standard errors were adjusted for 626 clusters in the MSM stratum and 562 clusters in the HET stratum). The models were adjusted for the variables of sex, approximated age at the time of infection, region of origin and city size