Fig. 6.

Causal network influences of the DMN on other networks during resting-state, memory encoding, and memory recall. Causal outflow from the DMN was higher during both memory encoding and memory recall compared to resting-state. Causal outflow from the DMN was also higher during memory encoding compared to memory recall. The duration of memory encoding and recall, and resting-state epochs were matched to preclude trial-length effects (see Methods for more details). Error bars denote standard error of the mean (SEM) across all pairs of electrodes. *** p < 0.001 (FDR-corrected q<0.05, two-way ANOVA).