Table 1.
Comparison of 2021 (Ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19] Pandemic) with 2019 (Normal Pre–COVID-19)
| Variable | 2019, n (%) | 2021, n (%) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | Sex | Female | 459 (56.25) | 633 (55.68) | .8167 | |
| Male | 357 (43.75) | 504 (44.32) | ||||
| Tooth type | Anterior | 93 (11.25) | 137 (12.05) | .5844 | ||
| Premolar | 148 (17.90) | 183 (16.09) | .2925 | |||
| Molar | 586 (70.85) | 817 (71.86) | .6291 | |||
| Diabetes∗ | 56 (6.88) | 67 (5.93) | .3958 | |||
| Liver disease∗ | 9 (1.11) | 6 (0.53) | .1531 | |||
| Kidney disease∗ | 9 (1.11) | 14 (1.24) | .7908 | |||
| Pulpal diagnosis | Normal pulp | 30 (3.66) | 57 (5.02) | .1502 | ||
| Reversible pulpitis | 14 (1.71) | 12 (1.06) | .2148 | |||
| Irreversible pulpitis | 251 (30.61) | 397 (34.86) | .0487† | |||
| Pulp necrosis | 186 (22.68) | 270 (23.77) | .5756 | |||
| Previously initiated | 24 (2.93) | 20 (1.76) | .0861 | |||
| Previously treated | 315 (38.41) | 381 (33.54) | .0262† | |||
| Periapical diagnosis | Normal periapex | 125 (15.28) | 205 (18.05) | .1076 | ||
| Symptomatic apical periodontitis | 479 (58.56) | 646 (56.78) | .4325 | |||
| Asymptomatic apical periodontitis | 147 (17.97) | 169 (14.88) | .0669 | |||
| Chronic apical abscess | 43 (5.26) | 85 (7.48) | .0498† | |||
| Acute apical abscess | 24 (2.93) | 32 (2.82) | .8784 | |||
| Procedure | Evaluation | 258 (31.2) | 281 (24.71) | .0015† | ||
| Root canal treatment | 381 (46.07) | 603 (53.03) | .0023† | |||
| Retreatment | 169 (20.44) | 203 (17.85) | .1495 | |||
| Apicoectomy | 18 (2.18) | 47 (4.13) | .0167† | |||
| Pulpotomy | 1 (0.12) | 3 (0.26) | .4879 | |||
| Incision for drainage‡ | 16 (2.9) | 36 (4.49) | .1180 | |||
| Restoration‡ | Temporary | 521 (94.55) | 704 (87.02) | <.00001† | ||
| Permanent | 30 (5.44) | 105 (12.97) | ||||
| Number of visits‡ | Single | 483 (87.65) | 657 (81.21) | .0015† | ||
| Multiple | 68 (12.34) | 152 (18.78) | ||||
Results of bivariate analyses on categoric data. Chi-square analyses for the association between each categoric variable and the COVID binary variable. For variables with more than 2 categories, the test was run for each category compared with the rest.
∗
Categories with missing entries (13 in 2019 and 6 in 2021).
†
Significant difference at P < .05 (highlighted in bold).
‡
The total sample size was calculated as the total number of root canal treatments, retreatments, and pulpotomies (551 in 2019, 511 in 2020, and 809 in 2021).