Table 4.
Comparison of 2021 (Ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19] Pandemic) with 2020 (Initial COVID-19 Outbreak)
| Variable | 2020, n (%) | 2021, n (%) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | Sex | Female | 422 (61.13) | 633 (55.68) | .0232∗ | |
| Male | 269 (38.87) | 504 (44.32) | ||||
| Tooth type | Anterior | 89 (12.84) | 137 (12.05) | .8191 | ||
| Premolar | 141 (20.34) | 183 (16.09) | .0208∗ | |||
| Molar | 463 (66.81) | 817 (71.86) | .0224∗ | |||
| Diabetes† | 54 (7.92) | 67 (5.93) | .1004 | |||
| Liver disease† | 2 (0.29) | 6 (0.53) | .4596 | |||
| Kidney disease† | 18 (2.60) | 14 (1.24) | .0283∗ | |||
| Pulpal diagnosis | Normal pulp | 28 (4.07) | 57 (5.02) | .3519 | ||
| Reversible pulpitis | 14 (2.03) | 12 (1.06) | .0875 | |||
| Irreversible pulpitis | 196 (28.63) | 397 (34.86) | .0059∗ | |||
| Pulp necrosis | 214 (31.1) | 270 (23.77) | .0006∗ | |||
| Previously initiated | 9 (1.31) | 20 (1.76) | .4540 | |||
| Previously treated | 226 (32.85) | 381 (33.54) | .7618 | |||
| Periapical diagnosis | Normal periapex | 95 (13.83) | 205 (18.05) | .0186∗ | ||
| Symptomatic apical periodontitis | 446 (64.92) | 646 (56.78) | .0006∗ | |||
| Asymptomatic apical periodontitis | 57 (8.30) | 169 (14.88) | .0001∗ | |||
| Chronic apical abscess | 45 (6.55) | 85 (7.48) | .4536 | |||
| Acute apical abscess | 44 (6.40) | 32 (2.82) | .0002∗ | |||
| Procedure | Evaluation | 156 (22.51) | 281 (24.71) | .2836 | ||
| Root canal treatment | 394 (56.85) | 603 (53.03) | .1115 | |||
| Retreatment | 116 (16.74) | 203 (17.85) | .5419 | |||
| Apicoectomy | 26 (3.75) | 47 (4.13) | .6855 | |||
| Pulpotomy | 1 (0.14) | 3 (0.26) | .5953 | |||
| Incision for drainage‡ | 33 (6.45) | 36 (4.49) | .1416 | |||
| Restoration‡ | Temporary | 307 (60.07) | 704 (87.02) | <.00001∗ | ||
| Permanent | 204 (39.92) | 105 (12.97) | ||||
| Number of visits‡ | Single | 439 (85.9) | 657 (81.21) | .0267∗ | ||
| Multiple | 72 (14.09) | 152 (18.78) | ||||
Results of bivariate analyses on categoric data: chi-square analyses for the association between each categoric variable and the COVID binary variable. For variables with more than 2 categories, the test was run for each category compared with the rest.
∗
Significant difference at P < .05 (highlighted in bold).
†
Categories with missing entries (11 in 2020 and 6 in 2021).
‡
The total sample size was calculated as the total number of root canal treatments, retreatments, and pulpotomies (551 in 2019, 511 in 2020, and 809 in 2021).