Table.
Characteristics of 11 included studies
| Investigator | Country | Study design | Patients, No. | Female sex, % | Age,a years | In-hospital thromboprophylaxis or anticoagulation | Incidence/prevalence stratified by race/ethnicityb |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PE | DVT | VTE | |||||||
| Charoenngam et al,14 2021 | USA | Retrospective cohort, single-center | 1424 | 44.5 | 56.1 ± 17.4 | Yes | Black/African-American, 34/683 (5); White, 17/741 (2.3) | Black/African-American, 30/683 (4.4); White, 23/741 (3.1) | NR |
| Cho et al,15 2021 |
USA | Retrospective cohort, single-center | 158 | 46.2 | 67.4 ± 14.6 | Yes (prophylactic dose LMWH or UFH, n = 148) | NR | Black/African-American, 25/77 (32.5); White, 14/52 (26.9); Asian, 4/7 (57.1); Hispanic,c10/26 (38.5) | NR |
| Cohen et al,16 2021 | USA | Retrospective cohort, single-center | 9407 | 40.7 | >60 (63.8%) | Yes (prophylactic dose, n = 6675; therapeutic dose, n = 1753) | NR | NR | Black/African-American, 63/1995 (3.2); White, 103/3604 (2.9); Asian, 15/812 (1.8); other, 74/2583 (2.9); unknown, 19/413 (4.6) |
| Esenwa et al,17 2021 | USA | Retrospective cohort, multi-center | 4299 | 46.6 | >55 (71.8%) | Yes | Black/African-American, 26/1716 (1.5); White, 4/391 (1); Asian, 1/123 (0.8); Hispanic, 28/1752 (1.6); other, 3/317 (0.9) | Black/African-American, 34/1716 (2); White, 6/391 (1.5); Asian, 4/123 (3.3); Hispanic, 37/1752 (2.1); other, 9/317 (2.8) | NR |
| Koilelat et al,18 2021 | USA | Retrospective case-control, singe-center | 135 | 46.7 | 61 (49-73) | Yes (prophylactic dose LMWH, UFH, apixaban, n = 86; therapeutic dose UFH, DOAC, bivalirudin, n = 23) | NR | Black/African-American, 3/29 (10.3); White, 2/5 (40); Asian, 0/2 (0); Hispanic,c 11/53 (20.7); other, 11/82 (13.4); unknown, 2/17 (11.8) | NR |
| Bilaloglu et al,19 2020 | USA | Retrospective cohort, multicenter | 3334 | 39.6 | 64 (51-75) | Yes | NR | NR | Black/African-American, HR, 0.97 (95% CI, 0.60-1.55); White, reference; Asian, HR, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.46-1.45); Hispanic, HR, 2.01 (95% CI, 0.81-5.00); other, HR, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.61-1.28); unknown, HR, 1.37 (95% CI, 0.8-2.33) |
| Creel-Bulos et al,20 2020 | USA | Retrospective cohort, single-center | 115 | 41 | 64 ± 16 | NR | NR | NR | Black/African-American, 23/84 (27.4) |
| Maatman et al,21 2020 | USA | Retrospective cohort, multi-center | 109 | 43 | 61 ± 16 | Yes (prophylactic UFH, n = 61; prophylactic dose LMWH, n = 40; therapeutic dose, n = 4) | NR | NR | Black/African-American, 16/55 (64); White, 11/44 (25); other, 4/10 (40) |
| Papageorgiou et al,22 2020 | UK | Retrospective cohort, multi-center | 613 | 40 | 70 (57-82) | Yes | NR | NR | Black/African-American, 6/118 (5.1); White, 11/292 (3.8); Asian, 17/203 (8.4) |
| Poyiadji et al,23 2020 | USA | Retrospective cohort, single-center | 328 | 54.2 | NR | Yes (prophylactic dose, n = 122) | Black/African-American, 40/188 (21.3) | NR | NR |
| Xu et al,24 2020 | USA | Retrospective cohort, multi-center | 101 | 27 | 62 ± 15 | Yes | Black/African-American, 33; White, 28; Asian, 17; other, 23 | NR | NR |
CI, Confidence interval; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; DVT, deep vein thrombosis; HR, hazard ratio; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; NR, not reported; UFH, unfractionated heparin; VTE, venous thromboembolism.
a
Unless specified otherwise, data presented as mean ± standard deviation or mean (interquartile range).
b
Outcomes reported as number of events/population at risk (%), stratified by racial group.
c
Study population stratified by ethnicity as Hispanic, non-Hispanic, and other/unknown, with race not defined for ethnic groups previously reported.