Figure 9.

Impact of anti-microbiota vaccines on P. relictum development in infected mosquitoes. Three groups of P. relictum-infected birds were used as infection donors for mosquitoes. One of the groups was vaccinated with E. coli BL21, the other with E. coli O86:B7, and a third group was a control (only infection). (A) The percentage of mosquitoes in which at least one oocyst was found in the midgut by microscopy and compared between the groups was measured. (B) The number of oocysts in the midgut of P. relictum-infected mosquitoes was calculated and compared between the groups. (C) The percentage of mosquitoes in which sporozoites were detected in salivary glands by microscopy or PCR was measured and compared between the groups. The parameters were compared between groups by Fisher’s exact test with Bonferroni correction (oocyst and sporozoite frequency) and the Mann-Whitney U test (number of oocyst). (*p <0.05; **p <0.001; ns, not significant; n = 14-53 mosquitoes per group).