FIGURE 5.

Neuroligin 1 contributed to the protection of EE against surgery‐induced learning and memory impairment. Mice were subjected to various experimental conditions and tested in the Barnes maze and fear conditioning paradigms starting 7 days after surgery. (A) Performance in the training sessions of Barnes maze test. (B) Performance in the memory phase of Barnes maze test. (C) Performance in fear conditioning paradigm. Results are median ±interquartile range (n = 14) with the presence of individual animal data in the bar graphs. Results were analyzed by two‐way or one‐way repeated measures analysis of variance for panel A and by one‐way analysis of variance on ranks followed by the Tukey test for panels B and C. * indicates p < 0.05 for the comparisons of values of day 1 with those of day 2, values of day 1 with those of day 3 and values of day 1 with those of day 4 for all groups except for the comparisons of values of day 1 with those of day 2 for the control and EE+surg+anti groups. EE14: EE for 14 days, Surg: surgery, Inacti: heat‐inactivated anti‐neuroligin 1 antibody, Anti: anti‐neuroligin 1 antibody