Skip to main content
. 2022 Jan 8;44(1):257–272. doi: 10.3390/cimb44010019

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Effects of PFL on memory deficits in VaD rats. (a) Spontaneous alternation and (b) total arm entries of different groups were measured using the Y-maze test. Using the Barnes maze trial test session, (c) tracking plots made at the 3rd trial day and (d) time-dependent changes in the moved distance to the platform of different groups were obtained. Using the Barnes maze probe test session, (e) tracking plots and (f) time spent in the target quadrant of different groups were obtained. In the tracking plots, the locations of the platform and target quadrant are indicated as a black circle and dark area, respectively. (g) Trial latency and (h) escape latency in different groups were measured using the passive avoidance test. In all graphs, values are presented as the mean ± SEM (*** p < 0.001 vs. SO; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 vs. VEH; §§ p < 0.01 vs. PFL-L; and NS, statistically not significant).