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Real time PCR was performed to assess the gene expressions of pain mediators TNF-α, IL-8, and endothelin. (A) TNF-α gene expression levels. (B) IL-8 gene expression levels. (C) Endothelin gene expression levels. (D) Relative gene expressions of pain mediators. n.s. not significant, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.
