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ELISA was performed to measure the secretion levels in pg/mL of pain mediators TNF-α, IL-8, and endothelin. (A) Protein levels of TNF-α. (B) Protein levels of IL-8. (C) Protein levels of Endothelin. (D) Comparative expressions of pain mediators at protein level in pg/mL values. n.s. not significant, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.01.
