Table 2.

Event rates and relative risk (95% CI) for the association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and incident hospitalization for heart failure

	Crude incidence rate per 10,000 person-years (95% CI)	Hazard ratio (95% CI)
		Unadjusted	Adjusted model 1	Adjusted model 2
No GDM	1.14 (1.05, 1.23)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)	1 (Reference)
GDM	2.58 (2.08, 3.20)	2.21 (1.76, 2.78)	1.62 (1.28, 2.05)	1.39 (1.09, 1.79)

Model 1: adjusted for age, ethnicity, neighborhood income quintile, rurality, parity, preterm delivery pregestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and preexisting cardiovascular disease. Model 2: model 1 plus chronic kidney disease, postpartum diabetes, postpartum hypertension, and postpartum coronary artery disease as time-varying covariates.