Table 4.
Complications after Facial Feminizing Surgery
| Complication | No. Studies (No. Patients) | Weighted Reported Complications |
|---|---|---|
| All complications | 16 (994) | 54 (5.4%) |
| Wound complication or dehiscence | 4 (415) | 21 (5.1%) |
| Major wound infection | 5 (273) | 7 (2.6%) |
| Hematoma | 5 (529) | 7 (1.3%) |
| Epistaxis | 3 (236) | 5 (2.1%) |
| PE or DVT | 4 (183) | 3 (1.6%) |
| Ophthalmic injury | 1 (121) | 3 (2.5%) |
| CSF fistula or leak | 3 (479) | 1 (0.2%) |
| Pulmonary edema | 1 (121) | 1 (0.8%) |
| Nerve injury | 3 (292) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Seroma | 2 (235) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Sinus dysfunction or fractures | 1 (214) | 0 (0.0%) |
Overall complication rate was low at 5.4%, with the most reported complication being delayed wound healing or dehiscence (5.1%).
CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; DVT, deep venous thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism.