Table 2. Crude and adjusted odds ratios of co-variates of active syphilis by sex, ages 15+; ZIMPHIA 2015/2016.
| Total | Females | Males | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | cOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | cOR (95% CI) | aOR (95% CI) | |
| Residence | ||||||
| Rural | ref | ref | ref | |||
| Urban | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.7 (0.7–2.0) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.4 (0.1–1.2) |
| Province | ||||||
| Bulawayo | ref | ref | ref | |||
| Manicaland | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | 0.8 (0.4–1.8) | 0.4 (0.1–1.5) | 0.2 (0.0–1.4) |
| Mashonaland Central | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) | 0.6 (0.2–1.5) | 0.6 (0.2–1.7) | 0.6 (0.2–1.9) | 0.2 (0.0–1.4) |
| Mashonaland East | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | 0.8 (0.2–2.4) | 0.3 (0.1–1.7) |
| Mashonaland West | 1.1 (0.5–2.1) | 1.0 (0.5–2.2) | 1.5 (0.8–3.0) | 1.8 (0.8–4.1) | 0.6 (0.1–3.1) | 0.4 (0.1–2.4) |
| Matabeleland North | 1.4 (0.8–2.6) | 0.9 (0.4–1.9) | 1.6 (0.9–3.1) | 1.2 (0.6–2.7) | 1.1 (0.3–4.0) | 0.4 (0.1–2.6) |
| Matabeleland South | 2.0* (1.2–3.4) | 1.2 (0.6–2.5) | 2.2* (1.2–4.0) | 2.0 (0.9–4.4) | 1.7 (0.6–5.2) | 0.4 (0.1–2.2) |
| Midlands | 1.0 (0.6–1.9) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 1.1 (0.5–2.2) | 1.4 (0.6–3.3) | 1.0 (0.3–3.1) | 0.5 (0.1–2.4) |
| Masvingo | 1.1 (0.7–2.0) | 0.9 (0.5–2.0) | 1.4 (0.8–2.7) | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) | 0.7 (0.2–2.5) | 0.4 (0.1–2.1) |
| Harare | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 1.0 (0.4–2.2) | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) | 1.0 (0.3–3.0) | 1.2 (0.3–4.4) |
| Sex | ||||||
| Females | ref | |||||
| Males | 0.7* (0.5–0.9) | 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | - | - | - | - |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 15–24 | Ref | ref | ref | |||
| 25–34 | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 1.3 (0.7–2.2) | 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 2.0 (0.8–5.2) | 0.7 (0.2–2.9) |
| 35–49 | 1.7* (1.0–2.7) | 0.6* (0.3–1.0) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) | 0.4* (0.2–0.8) | 3.6* (1.5–8.8) | 1.1 (0.3–4.6) |
| 50+ | 2.5** (1.6–3.9) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 1.7* (1.0–2.9) | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) | 4.7* (1.9–11.5) | 1.5 (0.4–5.4) |
| Education: Highest attended | ||||||
| No education | ref | ref | ref | |||
| Primary | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.5) | 0.7 (0.3–1.6) | 0.7 (0.2–2.7) | 2.7* (1.4–5.0) |
| Secondary or above | 0.4* (0.2–0.7) | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.4* (0.2–0.8) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | 1.4 (0.8–2.6) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Never married | ref | ref | ref | |||
| Married or living together | 2.0* (1.2–3.5) | 1.2 (0.7–2.3) | 1.4 (0.7–3.2) | 1.0 (0.4–2.1) | 2.8* (1.3–5.8) | 1.0 (0.3–2.7) |
| Formerly married (S, D, W) | 5.4** (3.1–9.3) | 2.1* (1.0–4.1) | 3.7* (1.6–8.3) | 1.6 (0.7–3.8) | 8.2** (3.4–19.5) | 2.4 (0.7–7.8) |
| No. of sex partners (last 12 mos) | ||||||
| 0 | ref | ref | ref | |||
| 1 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | 1.4 (0.6–2.9) | 1.4 (0.6–3.0) | 0.8 (0.3–2.2) |
| 2+ | 2.0* (1.3–3.3) | 1.7 (0.7–4.1) | 5.1* (2.7–9.6) | 3.5* (1.1–11.7) | 2.1 (0.9–5.1) | 0.6 (0.2–2.4) |
| Condom use (last 12 mos) | ||||||
| No sex/Always Used | ref | ref | ref | |||
| Inconsistent Use | 2.0* (1.1–3.6) | 1.5 (0.6–3.7) | 4.5* (1.9–10.9) | 1.0 (0.1–6.0) | 1.9 (0.7–5.0) | 2.7 (0.7–10.7) |
| Never Used | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | 0.6* (0.4–0.9) | 0.9 (0.4–1.5) | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | 2.4 (1.0–5.9) |
| Transactional sex (last 12 mos) | ||||||
| No sex or no trans. sex | ref | ref | ref | |||
| Yes-trans. sex | 4.8** (3.2–7.3) | 3.1** (1.7–5.5) | 5.9** (3.5–10.0) | 2.1 (0.9–4.6) | 1.3 (0.6–2.7) | 5.3* (1.9–14.7) |
| Pregnancy status | ||||||
| Not pregnant | ref | |||||
| Currently pregnant | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | ||||
| Male circumcision status | ||||||
| Not circumcised | ref | |||||
| Circumcised | 0.7 (0.3–1.8) | 0.8 (0.3–2.4) | ||||
| HIV status | ||||||
| Negative | ref | ref | ref | |||
| Positive | 5.4** (4.0–7.3) | 4.7** (3.2–6.9) | 4.8** (3.3–6.8) | 3.7** (2.3–5.9) | 6.4** (3.8–10.6) | 5.9** (3.0–12.0) |
*p<0.05