Table 2.
Comparison of emotional and behavioral scores between firstborn children and only children, Mean (SD), Rank sum test.
| Dependent variables | Total score of problems |
All children (n = 1,155) |
Firstborn and only children | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Firstborn children | Only children | Z | P | |||
| (n = 477) | (n = 678) | |||||
| Narrowband syndromes | ||||||
| Emotional stability | 26.00 | 2.52 (2.56) | 2.05 (2.32) | 2.84 (2.68) | −5.873 | 0.000 |
| Withdrawn | 16.00 | 1.83 (1.98) | 1.40 (1.66) | 2.13 (2.14) | −6.254 | 0.000 |
| Somatic complaints | 22.00 | 1.39 (1.75) | 1.01 (1.45) | 1.66 (1.90) | −6.611 | 0.000 |
| Social problems | 22.00 | 3.10 (2.54) | 2.79 (2.34) | 3.33 (2.65) | −3.333 | 0.001 |
| Thought problems | 30.00 | 1.76 (1.97) | 1.59 (1.76) | 1.88 (2.10) | −1.578 | 0.115 |
| Attention problems | 20.00 | 5.05 (3.57) | 4.15 (3.23) | 5.69 (3.66) | −7.271 | 0.000 |
| Rule-breaking behavior | 34.00 | 2.21 (1.91) | 2.12 (1.93) | 2.28 (1.90) | −1.588 | 0.112 |
| Aggressive behavior | 36.00 | 4.48 (3.78) | 3.92 (3.54) | 4.86 (3.89) | −4.513 | 0.000 |
| Comprehensive problems | ||||||
| Internalizing | 64.00 | 5.74 (5.24) | 4.47 (4.41) | 6.63 (5.58) | −7.146 | 0.000 |
| Externalizing | 70.00 | 6.69 (5.28) | 6.05 (5.05) | 7.14 (5.40) | −3.669 | 0.000 |
| Total | 206.00 | 25.67 (17.91) | 22.04 (16.03) | 28.23 (18.71) | −5.579 | 0.000 |