Table III.

3D Printing Applications from Bibliographic Corpus

Applications	Product	Comments	Ref
Drug delivery	Indomethacin loaded transdermal patches	• Patches were modelled with inkjet technology • Drug release and permeability were enhanced in the modelled patches.	(113)
	Ketoprofen & lidocaine hydrochloride buccal films	• Films were fabricated using the combination of FDM and inkjet printing. • Films showed lack of toxicity and improved mucoadhesive properties.	(114)
	Caffeine incorporated tablet	• Fabricated by employing binder jet technique. • Hydroxypropyl cellulose was selected as the suitable binder.	(115)
	Aripiprazole loaded orodispersible film	• Films were modelled using FDM. • Polyvinyl alcohol was concluded as suitable polymer. • Dispersible films with desired characteristics were developed.	(116)
	Pellets bearing paracetamol and ibuprofen	• Method of development was selective laser sintering. •Ethyl cellulose containing printlets expressed prolonged drug release.	(117)
	Hydrogels containing ibuprofen	• Fabrication was done by stereolithography. • Hydrogel with high water content released drug at faster rate.	(118)
	Insulin capped microneedles	• Stereolithography was the modelling technique. • Pyramid and cone-shaped microneedles were further coated by inkjet printing. • Microneedles expressed desired delivery insulin	(119)
	Lidocaine & piroxicam scaffold	• Modelled by inkjet printing technique. • Good entrapment, and solidification of the drug was observed.	(120)
Medical devices	Cellular scaffolds for orthopedic implants	• Modelled by selective laser melting and selective electron beam melting • Titanium-aluminum alloy model was considered to be optimum material in implant fabrication.	(121)
	Anthropomorphic thorax phantom	• Used for testing and optimization of imaging devices. • Gypsum, nylon, and silicone were employed to mimic the human lung. • Phantom model closely resembled the patient’s lungs. • Finds its use in cancer diagnostics.	(122)
	Multidrug loaded hearing aids	• Ciprofloxacin and fluocinolone acetonide were the model drugs. • Digital light processing 3D printing was used to generate hearing aids. • The devices exhibited prolonged release for a period of 2 weeks.	(123)