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. 2021 Apr 1;118(4):1020–1032. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvab123

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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STZ-induced changes in Ca²⁺ sparks rate and characteristics. Analysis of istaroxime effects. (A) Representative xt images showing Ca²⁺ sparks at resting in CTR and STZ myocytes with or w/o 100 nmol/L istaroxime. (B) Statistics of Ca²⁺ sparks characteristics and rate for each group. *P<0.05 vs. CTR; #P<0.05 vs. STZ w/o istarpoxime (one-way ANOVA plus Tukey’s multiple comparison); CTR N = 7 (n = 62, sparks # = 2789), STZ N = 5 (w/o istaroxime n = 53, sparks # = 2019, with istaroxime n = 47, sparks # = 1940). FWHM, full width at half maximum; FDHM, full duration at half maximum. Spark mass (spark amplitude*1.206* FWHM³).