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. 2021 Apr 20;118(4):1115–1125. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvab139

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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HEK293 reporter cells expressing a TLR4 reporter (A) or null control construct (B) were exposed to histones, mCBS or LPS overnight, then secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase was measured as an index of reporter activity. The positive control of LPS caused a huge increase of NFκB activity as expected (N = 6 independent biological experiments) (P < 0.01) analysed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test. A small increase in NFκB activity was seen at the highest concentration of 100 μg/mL histones, but as this occurred similarly in control cells, it was not related to TLR4 stimulation.