. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2021 May 27;7(4):415–423. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.05.002

Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics and Independent-Samples t Tests for the Behavioral Measures

Behavioral Measure	ADHD Group		TD Group		t	df	Cohen’s d
Behavioral Measure	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t	df	Cohen’s d
DSM Impulsivity	79.66	12.45	43.95	7.07	21.45^a	142	3.53
DSM Inattention	80.83	9.53	43.81	6.35	27.68^a	142	4.57
BIS	74.27	11.82	58.68	8.45	9.26^a	144	1.52
Delay Discounting	47.26	27.06	35.70	24.04	2.82^b	153	0.45
Present Hedonism	3.42	0.54	3.10	0.53	2.95^b	101	0.60
Future Orientation	2.95	0.46	3.54	0.61	−5.36^a	101	1.09

DSM impulsivity and DSM inattention are derived from the Conners Parent Rating Scale or Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales subscales. Delay discounting is derived from the percent of smaller sooner choices. Present hedonism is derived from the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory present hedonism, and future orientation is derived from the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory future orientation. Differences in degrees of freedom across measures reflect missing data.

ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; BIS, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale; TD, typically developing.

p < .001.

p < .01.