. 2022 Mar 18;39(1):401–429. doi: 10.1007/s10899-022-10109-7

Table 5.

OLS regression models of overall GameSense engagement and gambling beliefs/behaviors

	PPS: behavior	PPS: gambling literacy	Understanding of GC	Use of RG strategies	Gambling frequency	Breadth
	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Overall GS engagement	0.039	− 0.016	0.223	0.245	0.302^*	0.069
	(0.118)	(0.127)	(0.171)	(0.151)	(0.134)	(0.132)
Age	0.056^*	0.105^*	0.064^*	− 0.068^*	0.056^*	− 0.126^*
	(0.015)	(0.016)	(0.021)	(0.019)	(0.017)	(0.016)
Male	− 0.037	− 0.028	0.251^*	− 0.004	0.116^*	0.391^*
	(0.039)	(0.042)	(0.056)	(0.050)	(0.044)	(0.043)
Black	− 0.080	0.038	− 0.133	0.156	− 0.071	− 0.078
	(0.103)	(0.111)	(0.150)	(0.132)	(0.117)	(0.115)
White	0.161	0.410^*	0.392^*	0.163	− 0.406^*	0.119
	(0.085)	(0.091)	(0.124)	(0.109)	(0.096)	(0.095)
Hispanic	0.139	0.170	-0.210	0.086	− 0.314^*	0.027
	(0.094)	(0.102)	(0.137)	(0.121)	(0.107)	(0.105)
Asian	− 0.269^*	0.050	− 0.267	0.275	− 0.433^*	− 0.120
	(0.113)	(0.122)	(0.164)	(0.144)	(0.127)	(0.126)
Educ. attainment	0.033^*	0.030^*	0.042^*	0.039^*	-0.066^*	0.020
	(0.014)	(0.015)	(0.020)	(0.018)	(0.016)	(0.015)
# of MGM props. visited	0.012	0.014	0.028^*	0.022^*	0.010	0.048^*
	(0.007)	(0.007)	(0.010)	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.007)
Constant	5.700^*	5.170^*	4.540^*	3.430^*	3.220^*	2.070^*
	(0.125)	(0.135)	(0.182)	(0.160)	(0.141)	(0.139)
Observations	2,537	2,539	2,537	2,539	2,514	2,514
R²	0.024	0.044	0.050	0.015	0.029	0.090
Adjusted R²	0.020	0.040	0.047	0.011	0.025	0.087
Residual Std. Error	0.955 (df = 2527)	1.030 (df = 2529)	1.390 (df = 2527)	1.220 (df = 2529)	1.070 (df = 2504)	1.060 (df = 2504)
F Statistic	6.820^* (df = 9; 2527)	12.900^* (df = 9; 2529)	14.800^* (df = 9; 2527)	4.210^* (df = 9; 2529)	8.170^* (df = 9; 2504)	27.500^* (df = 9; 2504)

^*p < 0.05. Cells contain unstandardized regression coefficients and standard errors. PPS = Positive Play Scale. GC = Gambling Concepts. RG = Responsible Gambling. GS = GameSense