Figure 3. Single-cell RNA sequencing of cyborg and control human brain organoids.

a, UMAP visualization of single-cell RNA expression in cyborg and control organoids. Cells are colored by cell identities. (n = 9,920 cells. 5,240 and 3,980 cells from cyborg and control brain organoids, respectively). b, UMAP visualization of single-cell RNA expression in cyborg and control brain organoids. Cells are colored by the cell type assignment. c, Violin plots of marker genes expressions across cell types in brain organoids. Colors correspond to cell types, and the colored area indicates the density distribution of each gene. d, Heatmap showing the row z-scored expression of the markers for each cell type from cyborg and control brain organoids (left). Cell-type compositions in cyborg and control organoids (right). Colors correspond to cell types. e, Violin plot of neuron marker gene expression in cyborg and control brain organoids. Colors correspond to their identities. (two-tailed, unpaired t-test). f, UMAP visualization of single-cell RNA expression from neuron populations in cyborg (up) and control brain organoid (down). Cells are colored by the pseudotime value obtained by Monocle3. g, Neuron marker gene expressions along pseudotime from (f) in cyborg (up) and control brain organoid (down). Colors correspond to cell identities. Ellipse draws a 95% confidence level for a multivariate t-distribution. h, Distribution plot (up) and boxplot (down) of pseudotime from neurons in cyborg and control brain organoids (two-tailed, unpaired t-test). Colors correspond to cell identities.