Table 3.
Association Between Diet Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Stratified by Selected Characteristics in the Singapore Chinese Health Study, 1993–2015
| CDAI in quartile | Person-year | CRC Cases | HR (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| By Diabetes History | |||
| No history of type 2 diabetes | |||
| Q1 (−13.3, −4.9) | 237,453 | 525 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (−4.9, −2.3) | 248,794 | 505 | 0.96 (0.84–1.09) |
| Q3 (−2.3, 1.0) | 253,902 | 459 | 0.84 (0.72–0.98) |
| Q4 (1.0, 58.6) | 256,831 | 453 | 0.77 (0.62–0.94) |
| Ptrend | 0.007 | ||
| Continuous scale (per SDb) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.04) | ||
| Had history of type 2 diabetes | |||
| Q1 (−12.1, −4.9) | 20,787 | 57 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (−4.9, −2.3) | 19,633 | 40 | 0.78 (0.50–1.20) |
| Q3 (−2.3, 1.0) | 17,960 | 48 | 1.04 (0.65–1.67) |
| Q4 (1.0, 37.2) | 19,000 | 53 | 1.18 (0.63–2.20) |
| Ptrend | 0.51 | ||
| Continuous scale (per SD) | 0.81 (0.59–1.11) | ||
| Pheterogeneity | 0.16 | ||
| By BMI Level | |||
| BMI<23 kg/m2 | |||
| Q1 (−13.0, −4.9) | 117,670 | 263 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (−4.9, −2.3) | 128,101 | 259 | 0.96 (0.80–1.15) |
| Q3 (−2.3, 1.0) | 132,431 | 258 | 0.96 (0.78–1.19) |
| Q4 (1.0, 58.6) | 134,609 | 248 | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) |
| Ptrend | 0.43 | ||
| Continuous scale (per SD) | 0.96 (0.84–1.11) | ||
| BMI ≥23 kg/m2 | |||
| Q1 (−13.3, −4.9) | 140,570 | 319 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (−4.9, −2.3) | 140,326 | 286 | 0.93 (0.78–1.10) |
| Q3 (−2.3, 1.0) | 139,431 | 249 | 0.78 (0.64–0.96) |
| Q4 (1.0, 55.1) | 141,222 | 258 | 0.75 (0.57–0.99) |
| Ptrend | 0.01 | ||
| Continuous scale (per SD) | 0.88 (0.76–1.01) | ||
| Pheterogeneity | 0.37 | ||
| By Smoking Status | |||
| Never Smokers | |||
| Q1 (−13.3, −4.9) | 191,506 | 385 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (−4.9, −2.3) | 199,601 | 358 | 0.93 (0.80–1.09) |
| Q3 (−2.3, 1.0) | 196,040 | 318 | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) |
| Q4 (1.0, 58.6) | 190,259 | 288 | 0.69 (0.54–0.89) |
| Ptrend | 0.005 | ||
| Continuous scale (per SD) | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | ||
| Ever Smokers | |||
| Q1 (−13.0, −4.9) | 66,733 | 197 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (−4.9, −2.3) | 68,826 | 187 | 0.96 (0.78–1.19) |
| Q3 (−2.3, 1.0) | 75,822 | 189 | 0.93 (0.73–1.19) |
| Q4 (1.0, 46.4) | 85,572 | 218 | 1.01 (0.73–1.40) |
| Ptrend | 0.92 | ||
| Continuous scale (per SD) | 0.98 (0.83–1.15) | ||
| Pheterogeneity | 0.35 | ||
| By Family History of CRC | |||
| No | |||
| Q1 (−13.3, −4.9) | 253,917 | 567 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (−4.9, −2.3) | 262,598 | 540 | 0.97 (0.86–1.10) |
| Q3 (−2.3,1.0) | 265,244 | 484 | 0.86 (0.74–0.99) |
| Q4 (1.0,58.6) | 268,337 | 482 | 0.80 (0.65–0.97) |
| Ptrend | 0.01 | ||
| Continuous scale (per SD) | 0.92 (0.83–1.01) | ||
| Yes | |||
| Q1 (−10.5, −4.9) | 4,323 | 15 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (−4.9, −2.3) | 5,829 | 5 | 0.23 (0.08–0.65) |
| Q3 (−2.3,1.0) | 6,618 | 23 | 1.02 (0.47–2.20) |
| Q4 (1.0,31.6) | 7,494 | 24 | 0.98 (0.36–2.64) |
| Ptrend | 0.42 | ||
| Continuous scale (per SD) | 1.14 (0.68–1.90) | ||
| P heterogeneity | 0.25 | ||
a
Adjusted for age, sex, dialect, year of interview, education level, physical activity, family history of colorectal cancer, total energy intake, history of type 2 diabetes, BMI level, smoking status, and alcohol consumption, if applicable.
b
SD, standard deviation.