Table 1.

Sample Characteristics

Characteristic	Valid n	n (%)
Female	4,892	1,776 (36.3)
Racial/ethnic minority	4,779	1,259 (26.3)
Age	4,892
18–47 years		987 (20.2)
48–56 years		920 (18.8)
57–63 years		1,024 (20.9)
74–71 years		1,002 (20.5)
72–98 years		959 (19.6)
Insurance coverage	4,892
Private		1,444 (29.5)
Medicare		1,196 (24.4)
Medicaid		1,707 (3 4.9)
Military		203 ( 4.1)
Miscellaneous other type of insurance		193 ( 3.9)
Uninsured		1 9 ( 3.0)
Specific chronic conditions	4,892
Cancer		981 (20.1)
Lung disease		1,717 (35.1)
Coronary artery disease		2,023 (41.4)
Heart failure		2,119 (43.3)
Peripheral vascular disease		1,087 (22.2)
Liver disease		737 (15.1)
Diabetes		1,112 (22.7)
Renal failure		1,412 (28.9)
Dementia		315 ( 6.4)
Multi-morbidity: 3 or more chronic conditions	4,892	1,878 (38.4)
Deyo-Charlson comorbidity index	4,892
0–2		1,752 (35.8)
3		702 (14.3)
4		697 (14.2)
5–6		1,026 (21.0)
7–16		715 (14.6)
Albumin test result <3, 1st 48 hours of index ICU stay	4,892	2,386 (48.8)
5% weight loss, year before index ICU admissiona	4,892	1,009 (20.6)
Attribution to the county safety-net hospital	4,892	2,820 (57.6)
Hospitalizations in year before index admission	4,892	1,169 (23.9)
0		3,723
1		597
2–18	223	572
Hospital costs in year before index admission	4,892
$0.00		2,713 (55.5)
$0.01 – $1,890.99		223 ( 4.6)
$1,891 – $27,289.99		978 (20.0)
$27,290 – $1,390,000		978 (20.0)
Cost of index hospitalization	4,892
$9,748 – $67,168		979 (20.0)
$67,168 – $111,437		978 (20.0)
$111,437 – $164,52		979 (20.0)
$164,852 – $260,846		978 (20.0)
$260,846 – $3,176,065		978 (20.0)
Death during index hospitalization	4,892	1,709 (34.9)
Death within 6m of index hospital admissionb	4,892	2,091 (42.7)

^aPresence of evidence in the electronic health record of ≥ 5% weight loss in year prior to ICU admission

^bBased on Washington State death certificate data (2011–2018)