TABLE III.
Admission Characteristics for 30-Day Mortality Analyses*
| Female Patients | Male Patients | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (N = 73,523) | Cases (N = 110) | Controls (N = 220) | P Value | Total (N = 45,152) | Cases (N = 104) | Controls (N = 208) | P Value | |
| Age† (yr) | 74.9 ± 6.3 | 80.0 ± 7.4 | 79.6 ± 7.0 | 0.63 | 74.3 ± 6.0 | 78.9 ± 7.5 | 78.2 ± 7.4 | 0.44 |
| Black/African American (no. of patients) | 2,801 (3.8%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | >0.999 | 1,451 (3.2%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | >0.999 |
| Comorbidity (no. of patients) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||||
| 0-3 | 57,098 (77.7%) | 57 (51.8%) | 114 (51.8%) | 34,101 (75.5%) | 36 (34.6%) | 72 (34.6%) | ||
| 4+ | 16,425 (22.3%) | 53 (48.2%) | 106 (48.2%) | 11,051 (24.5%) | 68 (65.4%) | 136 (65.4%) | ||
| Low income (no. of patients) | 3,077 (4.2%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | 0.87 | 962 (2.1%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | 0.07 |
| Cement (no. of patients) | 8,014 (10.9%) | 23 (20.9%) | 29 (13.2%) | 0.07 | 2,758 (6.1%) | 22 (21.2%) | 23 (11.1%) | 0.017 |
| Bundling MSA‡ (no. of patients) | 24,431 (33.2%) | 33 (30.0%) | 66 (30.0%) | >0.999 | 14,813 (32.8%) | 34 (32.7%) | 68 (32.7%) | >0.999 |
| Census division (no. of patients) | >0.999 | >0.999 | ||||||
| Northeast | 4,594 (6.3%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | 2,669 (5.9%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | ||
| Mid-Atlantic | 10,329 (14.0%) | 21 (19.1%) | 42 (19.1%) | 5,918 (13.1%) | 15 (14.4%) | 30 (14.4%) | ||
| South Atlantic | 14,031 (19.1%) | 15 (13.6%) | 30 (13.6%) | 8,933 (19.8%) | 30 (28.8%) | 60 (28.8%) | ||
| East North Central | 13,692 (18.6%) | 22 (20.0%) | 44 (20.0%) | 8,312 (18.4%) | 15 (14.4%) | 30 (14.4%) | ||
| East South Central | 3,581 (4.9%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | 2,174 (4.8%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | ||
| West North Central | 6,185 (8.4%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | 3,822 (8.5%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | ||
| West South Central | 6,048 (8.2%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | 3,739 (8.3%) | 13 (12.5%) | 26 (12.5%) | ||
| Mountain | 6,192 (8.4%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | 3,919 (8.7%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | ||
| Pacific | 8,871 (12.1%) | 13 (11.8%) | 26 (11.8%) | 5,666 (12.5%) | <12 (<12%) | <24 (<12%) | ||
| In-hospital mortality (no. of patients) | 31 (0.04%) | 31 (28.2%) | 27 (0.06%) | 26 (25.0%) | ||||
*
Cases (death within 30 days) and controls (alive at 30 days) were matched at a 1:2 ratio based on age (±3 years), race (Black/African American versus all others), dichotomous comorbidity (0-3 vs. 4+), payment model (facility subject to mandatory bundling payment for joint replacement versus not), census division of facility, and exposure time (time to death for cases, time observed alive during the 30-day period following surgery for controls).
†
The values are given as the mean and the standard deviation.
‡
MSA = Metropolitan Statistical Area.