Workflow of SNP clique analysis and the maximal clique in the GISAID20May11 dataset. A. The workflow of SNP clique analysis. First, we constructed an SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism, and coexisting network from the SNP matrix. Every SNP locus is a vertex, and we add an edge between a locus pair if they have all four major genotypes. We then extract the maximal clique from the network. B. The maximal 16-SNP clique was found in the GISAID20May11 dataset with 11,179 SARS-CoV-2 genomes.