Table 1.
Results of mixed effects models. Standardized betas and 95% CI are reported for between-subjects effects and within-subjects effects for each of the three mindsets. Mindsets were log transformed prior to analyses. All mixed effects models controlled for age, race, gender, education attainment, and political affiliation. Asterisks indicate level of significance such that *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001. Significant findings at the p ≤ 0.01 level are bolded.
| Catastrophe Mindset |
Manageable Mindset |
Opportunity Mindset |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Between Effects |
Within Effects |
Between Effects |
Within Effects |
Between Effects |
Within Effects |
|||||||
| Std. β | 95% CI | Std. β | 95% CI | Std. β | 95% CI | Std. β | 95% CI | Std. β | 95% CI | Std. β | 95% CI | |
| Emotions | ||||||||||||
| Positive | −0.15*** | −0.17–−0.13 | −0.05*** | −0.06–−0.04 | 0.15*** | 0.13–0.17 | 0.03*** | 0.02–0.04 | 0.16*** | 0.14–0.18 | 0.04*** | 0.03–0.05 |
| Negative | 0.23*** | 0.21–0.25 | 0.07*** | 0.06–0.08 | −0.14*** | −0.17–−0.12 | −0.03*** | −0.04–−0.02 | −0.01 | −0.04 – 0.01 | −0.01 | −0.02 – 0.00 |
| Experiences | ||||||||||||
| Growth/Connection | −0.01 | −0.03 – 0.02 | −0.02 | −0.04 – 0.01 | −0.03 | −0.06 – 0.00 | −0.03* | −0.06–−0.00 | 0.27*** | 0.24–0.29 | 0.07*** | 0.04–0.09 |
| Isolation/Meaninglessness | 0.15*** | 0.13–0.18 | 0.02 | −0.00 – 0.05 | −0.08*** | −0.12–−0.06 | 0.02 | −0.00 – 0.05 | −0.09*** | −0.12–−0.06 | −0.04** | −0.07 – 0.02 |
| Behaviors | ||||||||||||
| Unhealthy Behaviors | 0.12*** | 0.10–0.15 | 0.05*** | 0.02–0.07 | −0.07*** | −0.09–−0.04 | 0.03 | 0.00–0.05 | −0.02 | −0.05 – 0.00 | 0.00 | −0.02 – 0.03 |
| Healthy Behaviors | −0.02 | −0.04 – 0.00 | −0.01 | −0.02 – 0.00 | 0.04** | 0.02–0.06 | 0.01 | −0.00 – 0.02 | 0.11*** | 0.09–0.13 | 0.02*** | 0.01–0.03 |
| CDC Behaviors | 0.21*** | 0.10–0.23 | 0.05*** | 0.04–0.06 | −0.23*** | −0.25–−0.21 | −0.05*** | −0.06–−0.04 | 0.19*** | 0.17–0.21 | 0.04*** | 0.03–0.05 |
| Health & Wellbeing | ||||||||||||
| Physical Health | −0.08*** | −0.10–−0.06 | −0.02*** | −0.03–−0.01 | 0.13*** | 0.10–0.15 | 0.01 | −0.00 – 0.02 | 0.03* | 0.01–0.05 | 0.01 | 0.00–0.03 |
| Mental Health | −0.14*** | −0.17–−0.12 | −0.01 | −0.04 – 0.01 | 0.10*** | 0.08–0.13 | −0.02 | −0.04 – 0.01 | 0.07*** | 0.04–0.10 | 0.04** | 0.01–0.06 |
| Quality of Life | −0.14*** | −0.16–−0.12 | −0.05*** | −0.06–−0.04 | 0.11*** | 0.09–0.14 | 0.01 | −0.01 – 0.02 | 0.12*** | 0.10–0.14 | 0.03*** | 0.02–0.04 |