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. 2022 Mar 4;13:834694. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.834694

Table 2.

Comparison of the demographic and clinical characteristics of current smokers and nonsmokers with epilepsy.

Variables Non-smokers (n = 401) Current smokers (n = 123) p-value
Age, mean ±SD 37.92 ± 16.85 40.02 ± 15.06 0.217
Male, n (%) 197 (49.1) 110 (89.4) <0.001
Married, n (%) 248 (61.8) 82 (66.7) 0.333
Unemployed, n (%) 127 (31.7) 33 (26.8) 0.308
Educational level, n (%)
   University and above 111 (27.7) 35 (28.5) 0.01
   Middle school 251 (62.6) 64 (52.0)
   Primary school and below 39 (9.7) 24 (19.5)
Age at first seizure onset, mean ± SD 33.31 ± 18.86 35.76 ± 15.97 0.059
Disease duration, mean ± SD 4.86 ± 7.58 4.44 ± 7.22 0.321
Epilepsy type, n (%)
   Focal 328 (81.8) 108 (87.8) 0.119
   Generalized 73 (18.2) 15 (12.2)
Seizure frequency over the last year, n (%)
   Seizure-free 78 (19.5) 11 (8.9) 0.014
   <1/month 214 (53.4) 68 (55.3)
 ≥1/month 109 (27.2) 44 (35.8)
ASM polytherapy, n (%) 38 (9.5) 11 (8.9) 0.859
Depressive symptoms, n (%) 68 (17.0) 29 (23.6) 0.098
Anxiety symptoms, n (%) 91 (22.7) 42 (34.1) 0.011