TABLE 2.

Stage of development for potential therapeutic agents for lymphedema.

Therapeutic agents	Potential mechanism of action in lymphedema	Phase of development	References
BayK8644	Activate L-type Ca2+ channels	Discovery and development	Zawieja et al. (2018)
Dantrolene	Block ryanodine receptor 1	Discovery and development	Stolarz et al. (2019)
			Van et al. (2021)
Diuretics	Reduce intravascular fluid volume	Limited clinical use due to rebound edema	Harris et al. (2001)
Glibenclamide	Block KATP channels	Discovery and development	Zawieja et al. (2016)
			Davis et al. (2020)
Ketoprofen	Anti-inflammatory; possible inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase-LTB4 pathway	Phase IV, limited clinical use	Muacevic and Adler (2019)
			Rockson et al. (2018)
			Nakamura et al. (2009)
Recombinant human hyaluronidase	Breaks down the polymeric structure of hyaluron	Phase II, terminated	Makani et al. (2011)
Tacrolimus	Prevent T cell infiltration and inflammation in the tissue region	Phase II	Gardenier et al. (2017)