Table 2.
Heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) in the leaves of wild blackberry from within (F) and outside (NF) the floodplain at the five study sites along the Innerste River
| Area | Mean distancea | n | Metal | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Median | Range | Mean ± SD | Median | Range | Mean ± SD | Median | Range | ||||
| Cd | Pb | Zn | ||||||||||
| LAN | -F | 1.1 km | 10 | 0.53 ± 0.29 | 0.46 | 0.25–1.20 | 2.87 ± 2.72 | 1.85 | < LOQ–9.80 | 125.60 ± 54.47 | 117.50 | 58.00–212.00 |
| -NF | 0.9 km | 10 | 0.22 ± 0.12 | 0.22 | < LOQ–0.49 | 5.70 ± 2.41 | 5.75 | 2.60–10.00 | 41.30 ± 11.67 | 39.50 | 27.00–61.00 | |
| BAD | -F | 30.7 km | 6 | 0.66 ± 0.57 | 0.48 | < LOQ–1.50 | 3.07 ± 1.20 | 2.70 | 1.90–5.20 | 50.00 ± 18.33 | 42.50 | 36.00–85.00 |
| -NF | 31.3 km | 5 | 0.25 ± 0.23 | 0.18 | < LOQ–0.51 | 0.81 ± 0.64b | < LOQ | < LOQ–1.80 | 53.80 ± 24.88 | 41.00 | 37.00–97.00 | |
| HEI | -F | 44.9 km | 10 | 0.24 ± 0.17 | 0.19 | < LOQ–0.54 | 1.12 ± 0.89 | < LOQ | < LOQ–3.30 | 35.90 ± 6.52 | 35.50 | 28.00–52.00 |
| -NF | 44.8 km | 10 | 0.08 ± 0.05b | < LOQ | < LOQ–0.19 | 1.54 ± 3.68 | < LOQ | < LOQ–12.00 | 31.60 ± 11.51 | 29.00 | 20.00–54.00 | |
| HAS | -F | 59.5 km | 11 | 0.38 ± 0.27 | 0.28 | < LOQ–0.99 | 2.04 ± 1.86 | 1.50 | < LOQ–6.40 | 56.45 ± 22.98 | 52.00 | 23.00–99.00 |
| -NF | 59.2 km | 10 | 0.08 ± 0.05b | < LOQ | < LOQ–0.17 | 0.71 ± 0.21b | < LOQ | < LOQ | 41.80 ± 9.89 | 43.50 | 26.00–56.00 | |
| AHR | -F | 65.0 km | 10 | 0.26 ± 0.19 | 0.24 | < LOQ–0.67 | 6.10 ± 8.58 | 3.65 | 1.00–30.00 | 48.80 ± 24.41 | 43.50 | 25.00–102.00 |
| -NF | 63.4 km | 10 | 0.06 ± 0.03b | < LOQ | < LOQ | 1.19 ± 1.08 | 1.00 | < LOQ–4.00 | 28.90 ± 4.72 | 29.50 | 21.00–36.00 | |
| Cu | Ni | |||||||||||
| LAN | -F | 1.1 km | 10 | 9.11 ± 1.00 | 8.95 | 7.20–11.00 | 1.95 ± 1.63 | 1.45 | < LOQ–5.60 | |||
| -NF | 0.9 km | 10 | 8.34 ± 2.09 | 7.70 | 6.20–12.00 | 1.92 ± 0.53 | 1.80 | 1.20–2.90 | ||||
| BAD | -F | 30.7 km | 6 | 8.57 ± 3.51 | 7.85 | 5.10–14.00 | 0.51 ± 0.30b | < LOQ | < LOQ | |||
| -NF | 31.3 km | 5 | 8.58 ± 1.29 | 8.60 | 7.10–10.00 | 1.89 ± 1.20 | 1.80 | < LOQ–3.00 | ||||
| HEI | -F | 44.9 km | 10 | 8.01 ± 2.27 | 7.40 | 5.70–12.00 | 0.52 ± 0.36b | < LOQ | < LOQ–1.10 | |||
| -NF | 44.8 km | 10 | 8.31 ± 3.69 | 7.00 | 6.20–18.00 | 2.23 ± 1.62 | 2.50 | < LOQ–5.00 | ||||
| HAS | -F | 59.5 km | 11 | 9.34 ± 2.18 | 9.50 | 6.30–14.00 | 0.74 ± 0.48 | < LOQ | < LOQ–1.50 | |||
| -NF | 59.2 km | 10 | 7.91 ± 1.63 | 7.95 | 6.10–11.00 | 1.77 ± 1.48 | 1.65 | < LOQ–4.10 | ||||
| AHR | -F | 65.0 km | 10 | 10.13 ± 1.32 | 11.00 | 7.30–11.00 | 0.58 ± 0.47b | < LOQ | < LOQ–1.20 | |||
| -NF | 63.4 km | 10 | 9.75 ± 1.20 | 9.40 | 8.60–13.00 | 0.90 ± 0.57b | < LOQ | < LOQ–1.90 | ||||
aMean distance of plant sampling site from the outflow of the Innerste River from the Innerste Reservoir
bValues are below the LOQ and should only be considered as a calculated value (not absolute). LOQs were 1.0 mg/kg for Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, and 0.10 mg/kg for Cd, respectively