Table 5.

Heavy metal concentrations (mg/kg) in blackberry leaves from the Innerste study region compared to data from two other studies (means ± SDs), typical and toxic concentrations in plant leaves, and maximum tolerable levels (MTL) in animal feed

	Blackberry leaves (this study)		Blackberry leaves (brownfield, exact study site not given)a	Blackberry leaves (Minićevo, Serbia)b	Sufficient or normal content in mature leavesc	Excessive or toxic content in mature leavesc	MTL in feed for livestockd
	Within floodplain	Outside floodplain
Cd	0.39 ± 0.32	0.13 ± 0.12	-	0.17 ± 0.03	0.05–0.2	5–30	10
Pb	3.01 ± 4.47	2.12 ± 2.84	-	1.16 ± 0.36	5–10	30–300	10–100
Zn	64.34 ± 44.08	37.89 ± 14.07	86.91 ± 24.27	20.24 ± 4.52	27–150	100–400	300–1000
Cu	9.08 ± 2.11	8.58 ± 2.26	17.44 ± 5.91	12.46 ± 2.58	5–30	20–100	15–250
Ni	0.89 ± 0.98	1.72 ± 1.21	1.71 ± 0.44	2.64 ± 0.57	0.1–5	10–100	50–250

^aLassalle et al. ( 2021)

^bAlagić et al. ( 2016)

^cKabata-Pendias ( 2011)

^dNational Research Council ( 2005)