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. 2021 Nov 20;227(3):881–899. doi: 10.1007/s00429-021-02425-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — Demonstration of the communication between the oral and nasal cavities. (A) Ventral view of the hard palate (HP). (B) Ventral view of the passage through the incisive papilla (IP) of the cannula showed in Fig. 2C. (C) Ventrolateral view of the bony palate showing the palatal fissure (PF). (D) Anterior view of the nasal cavity, in which the vomer bone (V), the cartilage of the nasal septum (NS), and the nasal turbinates (NT) are visible. The location of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) is indicated (arrowhead)