Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to categories of mitral regurgitation (MR).
| Characteristic | Overall | None or Mild MR | Moderate or Severe MR | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 30,775) | (n = 26,474) | (n = 4,301) | ||
| Demographic | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 7,328 (23.8) | 6,257 (23.6) | 1,071 (24.9) | 0.074 |
| Age, years | 62.90 (10.57) | 62.62 (10.59) | 64.60 (10.31) | <0.001 |
| Medical insurance, n (%) | ||||
| Self-paying | 4,792 (15.6) | 4,196 (15.8) | 596 (13.9) | <0.001 |
| Urban insurance | 21,078 (68.5) | 18,042 (68.1) | 3,036 (70.6) | |
| Rural insurance | 1,307 (4.2) | 1,162 (4.4) | 145 (3.4) | |
| Other | 3,598 (11.7) | 3,074 (11.6) | 524 (12.2) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| AMI, n (%) | 6,340 (20.6) | 5,316 (20.1) | 1,024 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 9,739 (33.0) | 8,053 (31.7) | 1,686 (40.6) | <0.001 |
| CHF, n (%) | 3,057 (9.9) | 2,165 (8.2) | 892 (20.7) | <0.001 |
| HT, n (%) | 17,350 (56.4) | 14,952 (56.5) | 2,398 (55.8) | 0.384 |
| DM, n (%) | 8,300 (27.0) | 6,941 (26.2) | 1,359 (31.6) | <0.001 |
| CKD, n (%) | 5,603 (18.2) | 4,365 (16.5) | 1,238 (28.8) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 19,803 (66.4) | 16,990 (66.2) | 2,813 (67.8) | 0.044 |
| AF, n (%) | 973 (3.2) | 633 (2.4) | 340 (7.9) | <0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 256 (0.8) | 214 (0.8) | 42 (1.0) | 0.300 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 1,748 (5.7) | 1,472 (5.6) | 276 (6.4) | 0.027 |
| PCI, n (%) | 22,233 (72.2) | 19,298 (72.9) | 2,935 (68.2) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory test | ||||
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.83 (0.98) | 2.82 (0.98) | 2.86 (0.96) | 0.046 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.00 (0.26) | 1.00 (0.26) | 0.97 (0.26) | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 77.14 (24.72) | 78.38 (24.38) | 69.87 (25.44) | <0.001 |
| ALB, g/L | 36.27 (4.23) | 36.48 (4.12) | 35.03 (4.68) | <0.001 |
| pro-BNP, pg/ml⋇ | 271.80 [71.85, 1108.50] | 214.00 [63.18, 834.20] | 1242.00 [307.28, 3357.25] | <0.001 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF, % | 58.92 (12.08) | 60.30 (10.99) | 50.45 (14.71) | <0.001 |
| LVEDD, mm | 48.51 (7.62) | 47.67 (7.08) | 53.70 (8.68) | <0.001 |
| LVESD, mm | 32.10 (8.42) | 31.00 (7.36) | 38.89 (10.95) | <0.001 |
| Medication | ||||
| ACEI/ARB, n (%) | 15,452 (51.0) | 13,363 (51.1) | 2,089 (50.0) | 0.180 |
| Beta-blockers, n (%) | 24,741 (81.6) | 21,437 (82.0) | 3,304 (79.1) | <0.001 |
| CCB, n (%) | 6,250 (20.6) | 5,509 (21.1) | 741 (17.7) | <0.001 |
| Statins, n (%) | 28,649 (94.5) | 24,820 (95.0) | 3,829 (91.7) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet, n (%) | 28,913 (95.4) | 25,084 (96.0) | 3,829 (91.7) | <0.001 |
| Loop diuretics, n (%) | 4,518 (14.9) | 2,980 (11.4) | 1,538 (36.8) | <0.001 |
| MRA, n (%) | 4,672 (15.4) | 3,106 (11.9) | 1,566 (37.5) | <0.001 |
| OAC, n (%) | 1,285 (4.2) | 838 (3.2) | 447 (10.7) | <0.001 |
median expression. MR, mitral regurgitation; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; CHF, congestive heart failure; HT, hypertension; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; AF, atrial fibrillation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ALB, albumin; pro-BNP, pro-brain natriuretic peptide; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVESD, left ventricular end systolic diameter; ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; OAC, oral anticoagulants.