Table 5.

Epidemiology of primary sclerosing cholangitis

Author	Year of publication	Country/region	No. of PSC patients	Males (%)	Prevalence (95% CI)	Incidence (95% CI)	Age at diagnosis (median, age)
Escorsell et al. [23]	1994	Spain	43	60	0.22	0.07	42.3*
Berdal et al. [18]	1998	Norway	12	58	5.6	0.7	43*
Byron et al. [21]	1996	Canada	39	N/A	6.5	N/A	N/A
Boberg et al. [19]	1998	Norway	17	71	8.5 (2.8–14.2)	1.3 (0.8–2.1)	37
Ang et al. [28]	2002	Singapore	10	90	1.3	N/A	N/A
Bambna et al. [17]	2003	US	22	68	13.6	0.9	40
Kingham et al. [25]	2004	UK	53**	62	12.7	0.91	52
Kaplan et al. [24]	2007	Canada	49	55	N/A	0.92	41
Card et al. [22]	2008	UK	149	63.5	3.85 (3.04–4.80)	0.41 (0.34–0.48)	55
Lindkvist et al. [26]	2010	Sweden	199	71	16.2	1.22	38.5
Toy et al. [27]	2011	US	169	60	4.15	0.41	44.2
Boonstra et al. [20]	2013	Netherlands	590	64	6.0	0.5	38.9*
Reports from Japan [29, 30]	2008, 2016	Japan	435	60	0.95**	N/A	43.5

PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis, N/A not available

*Mean value

**Prevalence rates are according to the 2008 epidemiological study [29]