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. 2022 Mar 17;12:4572. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08404-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Astroturfing campaigns that target diverse audiences (here: Black Lives Matter activists in blue and Trump Republicans in red) are still connected in a message coordination network. Combined co-tweet and co-retweet network among IRA accounts that tweet in English. Node color is taken from a typology of Linvill and Warren, who manually classified IRA accounts according to their content²⁹.