Table 2.
Therapeutic effects on targeting CXCL13/CXCR5 axis in autoimmune diseases.
| Reagent | Biological source | Animal model | Disease | Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anti-CXCL13 Abs | Goat | CIA in DBA/1 mice | RA | Decreased arthritis severity and lymphoid neogenesis in joints. | (127) |
| Anti-mouse CXCL13 Abs | NA | Adoptively transferred EAE in C57BL/6 mice | MS | Attenuated EAE clinical scores and reduced inflammatory demyelinated lesions in spinal cords. | (82) |
| Anti-human CXCL13 mAb, MAB5378 | Mouse | CIA in DBA1/J mice | RA | Delayed arthritis development and reduced arthritis severity. | (77) |
| Anti-human CXCL13 mAb, MAB5378 | Mouse | Adoptively transferred EAE in SJL/J mice | MS | Decreased clinical severity of Th17-induced EAE but not Th1-induced EAE. | (77) |
| Anti-human CXCL13 mAb, MAB5378 | Mouse | Actively induced EAE in SJL/J mice | MS | Decreased EAE clinical severity. | (77) |
| Anti-human CXCL13 mAb, MAB5378 | Mouse | NOD/ShiLtJ mice | pSS | Reduced lymphocytic foci within submandibular gland. | (91) |
| Anti-mouse CXCL13 mAb, MAB470 | Rat | Adoptively transferred EAE in B10.PL mice | MS | Decreased EAE clinical scores. | (81) |
| Anti-mouse CXCL13 mAb, MAB470 | Rat | NOD/ShiLtJ mice | T1DM | Disrupted B-cell organization in islet but did not affect disease development. | (172) |
| Anti-mouse CXCL13 mAb, MAB470 | Rat | DSS-induced UC in C57BL/6 mice | IBD | Increased colonic length and decreased colitis severity. | (101) |
| Anti-mouse CXCL13 mAb, MAB4701 | Rat | MRL/lpr mice | SLE | Attenuate kidney injury; reduced serum anti-dsDNA titres, renal immune complex deposition, renal inflammatory cytokines expression, and spleen Th17/Tregs ratio. | (86) |
| shRNA targeting CXCL13 | NA | CIA in C57BL/6J mice | RA | Mitigated arthritis activity; reduced VEGF expression, EPC homing, and angiogenesis in joints. | (76) |
| Paeoniflorin-6’-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) | NA | ESS in C57BL/6 mice | pSS | Improved saliva flow and alleviated histopathology of submandibular gland through targeting JAK1-STAT1/2-CXCL13 and CXCR5-GRK2-ERK/p38 signaling pathways. | (162, 163) |
Abs, autoantibodies; CIA, collagen-induced arthritis; dsDNA, double-stranded DNA; DSS, dextran sulfate sodium; EAE, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; ESS, sxperimental Sjögren’s syndrome; EPC, endothelial progenitor cell; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GRK, G protein-coupled receptor kinase; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; JAK, Janus kinase; mAb, monoclonal antibody; MS, multiple sclerosis; NA, not available; NOD, non-obese diabetic; pSS, primary Sjögren’s syndrome; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; shRNA, short hairpin RNA; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; T1DM, type 1 diabetes; Th17, T helper 17; Tregs, regulatory T cells; UC, ulcerative colitis; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor