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. 2022 Mar 17;12:4594. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08409-4

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of TA (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 10, and 20 mg/ 10 g diet) on longevity (A), levels of NPSHs (B), T-SHs (C) and H2O2 (D), and activities of the enzymes GST (E) and AChE (F) in D. melanogaster. Data in (BF) are presented as mean ± SEM of 50 flies per vial (five replicates per group). *Significant difference compared with control group (p < 0.05). TA trans-astaxanthin, NPSHs non-protein thiols, T-SHs total thiols, GST glutathione-S-transferase, AChE acetylcholinesterase.