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. 2022 Mar 17;12:4646. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-08569-3

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© The Author(s) 2022, corrected publication 2022

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Noise simulation experiments and autocorrelation function density plots. Left: Uniform and gaussian noise simulations failed to produce the effect sizes of equivalent (root-squared) magnitude to the one found in the present study (top). However, 1/f noise was capable of inducing such associations (bottom). Note that we intentionally used root-squared estimates to illustrate these effects. Without this step, all of the estimates from multiple noise simulations converge to zero (Supplementary Fig. S12), unlike the reported results showing consistent directionality in different time-bins and three independent samples. Right: Autocorrelation function (ACF) density plots demonstrating scale-free properties of the stock market data most similar to the ones of 1/f noise (pink and red).