Table 2.

Summary of DPP4 substrates.

Peptide	N-terminus	Species	Functional change after truncation	Physiological Function	References
Chemokines and cytokines
CXCL9(Mig)	TP↓VVRK…	Human	Reduce activity	Lymphocyte chemotaxis	(69)
CXCL10 (IP-10)	VP↓LSRT	Human	Reduce activity	Lymphocyte chemotaxis	(69, 70)
CXCL11(I-TAC)	FP↓MFKR	Human	Reduce activity	Lymphocyte chemotaxis	(69, 71)
CXCL12(SDF-1a)	KP↓VSLS…	Human	Reduce activity	Lymphocyte chemotaxis	(67, 69)
CCL2(MCP-1)	QP↓DAV…	Human	Increase activity	Angiogenesis	(72)
CCL3(MIP-1α)	AP↓YGA…	Murine	Increase activity	Monocyte chemotaxis	(34)
CCL3L1(LD78β)	AP↓LAAD…	Human	Affinity alteration	Monocyte chemotaxis	(73, 74)
CCL5(RANTES)	SP↓YSSD…	Human	Reduce activity	Macrophage CSF	(75)
CCL11(Eotaxin)	GP↓ASV…	Human	Reduce activity	Eosinophil chemotaxis	(69, 76)
CCL22(MDC)	GP↓YG↓AN	Human	Reduce activity	Lymphocyte chemotaxis	(77, 78)
Cytokines
IL-3	AP↓MTQ…	Human	Reduce activity	Cell proliferation	(79)
GM-CSF	AP↓ARS…	Human	Reduce activity	Cell proliferation	(79)
G-CSF	AT↓PLG…	Human	Reduce activity	Cell proliferation	(79)
EPO	AT↓PLG…	Human	Reduce activity	Cell proliferation	(79)
FGF2	PA↓LPE…	Human	loss nuclear localization signal	Inhibition in vitro lead to metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells	(80, 81)
Incretin hormones
GLP-1	HA↓EGTFTSD-	Human	Inactivation	Postprandial insulin response	(82)
GLP-2	HA↓DG↓SF…	Human	Inactivation	Glucose control	(82)
GIP	YA↓EGTF…	Human	Inactivation	Postprandial insulin response	(82)
PACAP	HS↓EG↓IF…	Human	Inactivation	Neural regulation of islet	(82)
GRP	VP↓LP↓AG…	Human	Inactivation	Neural regulation of islet	(82)
Neuropeptides
Neuropeptide Y	YP↓SKPDNPG	Human	Affinity alteration	inhibit exocrine pancreas function, feeding	(83)
Peptide YY	YP↓IKPEAPG	Human	Affinity alteration	Multiple function in renal, digestive system and food intake	(84)