Fig. 1.

Times schedule of pre-treatment time with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and induction of acute pulmonary inflammation. Male C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with ketamine (100 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg) intramuscular and exposed to Escherichia coli O111: B4 lipopolysaccharide (0.5 mg/Kg, intranasal, 24 h before euthanasia) to induce acute pulmonary inflammation. The mice were divided into two groups of Lr treatment (10-CFU/300µLPBS/mouse, orogastric by gavage), as described herein: Lr/1d+LPS group ‒ the mice were treated with Lr 1 day before LPS instillation; Lr/14d+LPS group ‒ the mice were treated with Lr 14 days before LPS instillation. The mice were euthanized 24h after the LPS.