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. 2022 Mar 7;119(11):e2118631119. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2118631119

Table 3.

Projected US population estimates of early life BLLs in 2030*

Panel A
BLL categories (µg/dL) Population estimates Percentage of population Margin of error (80% confidence)
<5 199,785,924 57.1 2,897,704
5–9.9 69,675,603 19.9 5,178,146
10–14.9 38,501,834 11.0 2,277,420
15–19.9 22,298,625 6.4 914,701
20–24.9 11,931,509 3.4 1,236,306
25–29.9 3,880,403 1.1 635,120
≥30 3,567,978 1.0 482,979
Panel B
≥5 149,855,952 42.9 5,916,217
≥10 80,180,349 22.9 2,861,541
≥15 41,678,515 11.9 1,732,564
≥20 19,379,890 5.5 1,471,428
≥25 7,448,381 2.1 797,901

*The total projected population in 2030 = 349,641,876.

The sum of these population estimates is not equal to the population size due to rounding error.

Projections of early life BLLs in 2030. Over 43% of the US population will have had BLLs higher than 5 µg/dL in early childhood and nearly a quarter will have had BLLs of 10 µg/dL or greater. Early childhood lead exposure will remain a hallmark of the US population for the foreseeable future.