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. 2022 Mar 4;13:800810. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.800810

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Mechanisms of SUMOylation and deSUMOylation by key mediators in renal fibrosis and therapeutic targets of natural products against renal fibrosis via SUMOylation. Mechanisms of SUMOylation and deSUMOylation by key mediators in renal fibrosis are including podocyte apoptosis, and OAT3-mediated transfer channels. As one of component of the slit diaphragm, nephrin is SUMOylated by SUMO1 and SUMO2/3. CD2AP promotes the expression of nephrin by inhibiting the SUMOylation of CIN85. Drp1 is SUMOylated by SUMO1 and SUMO2/3. OAT3 is SUMOylated by SUMO2/3. SNEP3 deSUMOylates Drp1, and SNEP2 deSUMOylates OAT3. Ginkgolic acid inhibits the expression of nephrin by downregulating SUMO1 and SUMO2/3.