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. 2022 Mar 4;13:830059. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.830059

Table 2.

Agreement between the double sensor, esophageal, and tympanic sensors at different time points, room temperature settings, and study groups.

Warm room condition (T = 23.4 ± 0.4°C)
Time Groups Agreement with esophageal sensor Agreement with tympanic sensor
r (p) CCC (CI) MD (LoA), °C r (p) CCC (CI) MD (LoA), °C
3 min Overall 0.43 (<0.05) 0.12 (0.003; 0.24) −0.54 (−3.42; 2.34) 0.76 (<0.0001) 0.26 (0.10; 0.40) 2.56 (0.58; 4.54)
Group A 0.32 (0.37) 0.03 (−0.04; 0.10) −1.85 (−3.55; −0.15) 0.34 (0.34) 0.07 (−0.08; 0.21) 2.11 (0.26; 3.96)
Group B 0.21 (0.53) 0.07 (−0.15; 0.28) 0.65 (−0.48; 1.79) −0.05 (0.89) −0.004 (−0.05; 0.05) 2.97 (1.17; 4.78)
6 min Overall 0.40 (0.07) 0.23 (−0.01; 0.45) −0.15 (−2.25; 1.94) 0.62 (<0.005) 0.15 (0.03; 0.26) 2.56 (0.75; 4.38)
Group A 0.24 (0.51) 0.08 (−0.15; 0.30) −1.04 (−2.41; 0.33) 0.50 (0.14) 0.09 (−0.04; 0.21) 2.12 (0.68; 3.57)
Group B 0.17 (0.61) 0.06 (−0.15; 0.26) 0.65 (−0.49; 1.79) −0.06 (0.86) −0.005 (−0.05; 0.04) 2.96 (1.15; 4.78)
9 min Overall 0.40 (0.07) 0.22 (−0.006; 0.43) 0.09 (−1.51; 1.69) 0.54 (<0.05) 0.09 (0.008; 0.16) 2.74 (1.13; 4.35)
Group A 0.42 (0.23) 0.18 (−0.12; 0.45) −0.56 (−1.52; 0.39) 0.37 (0.30) 0.03 (−0.03; 0.10) 2.50 (1.12; 3.88)
Group B 0.26 (0.45) 0.08 (−0.13; 0.28) 0.69 (−0.38; 1.76) −0.03 (0.93) −0.002 (−0.05; 0.05) 2.95 (1.19; 4.70)
Cold room condition (T = −18.7 ± 1.0°C)
Agreement with esophageal sensor Agreement with tympanic sensor
Time Groups r (p) CCC (CI) MD (LoA), °C r (p) CCC (CI) MD (LoA), °C
3 min Overall 0.10 (0.68) 0.006 (−0.02; 0.03) 3.05 (0.91; 5.18) −0.24 (0.29) −0.009 (−0.03; 0.009) 9.94 (5.10; 14.8)
Group A −0.28 (0.44) −0.02 (−0.06; 0.03) 2.67 (0.36; 4.98) 0.21 (0.56) 0.007 (−0.02; 0.03) 9.76 (6.21; 13.3)
Group B 0.43 (0.18) 0.02 (−0.01; 0.06) 3.39 (1.59; 5.19) −0.64 (<0.05) −0.02 (−0.06; 0.006) 10.1 (4.17; 16.0)
6 min Overall 0.06 (0.79) 0.005 (−0.03; 0.04) 2.82 (0.01; 5.64) −0.27 (0.24) −0.01 (−0.03; 0.009) 10.8 (5.26; 16.3)
Group A −0.38 (0.27) −0.03 (−0.10; 0.03) 2.18 (−0.89; 5.25) 0.09 (0.80) 0.004 (−0.02; 0.03) 10.3 (6.23; 14.4)
Group B 0.47 (0.14) 0.03 (−0.01; 0.07) 3.41 (1.33; 5.48) −0.67 (<0.05) −0.03 (−0.06; 0.005) 11.2 (4.56; 17.9)
9 min Overall 0.02 (0.94) 0.002 (−0.05; 0.06) 2.16 (−0.89; 5.22) −0.19 (0.42) −0.009 (−0.03; 0.01) 10.7 (5.32; 16.1)
Group A −0.32 (0.37) −0.05 (−0.17; 0.07) 1.44 (−1.88; 4.77) 0.11 (0.76) 0.005 (−0.03; 0.04) 10.1 (5.75; 14.5)
Group B 0.28 (0.41) 0.02 (−0.03; 0.07) 2.82 (0.60; 5.04) −0.58 (0.06) −0.02 (−0.05; 0.007) 11.3 (5.08; 17.5)

Data are given as Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) with p-value (p), Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) with confidence interval (CI), and mean difference or bias (MD) and limits of agreement (LoA, mean ± 1.96 standard deviation) between the forehead double sensor (DS) and the esophageal/tympanic sensors.