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. 2022 Mar 18;22(5):277–282. doi: 10.1038/s41577-022-00703-6

Table 1.

Epidemiological studies on the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy

Study Number of participants vaccinated in pregnancy Country Approach Outcomes examined Impact of COVID-19 vaccination Ref.
v-safe pregnancy registry 5,096 United States Registry Stillbirth, preterm birth (PTB), small for gestational age (SGA), neonatal death, congenital abnormalities None detected 38
PTB, SGA, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, neonatal death, congenital abnormalities None detected 42
Miscarriage None detected 43
BORN Ontario 64,234 Canada Registry PTB, stillbirth, SGA None detected 44
Stock et al., 2022 18,399 Scotland Registry PTB, perinatal death None detected 8
Bookstein-Peretz et al., 2021 390 Israel Registry Miscarriage, PTB, SGA, NICU admission None detected 41
Norwegian National Health Registries 1,003 Norway Case–control Miscarriage None detected 47
Vaccine Safety Datalink 31,080 USA Case–control Stillbirth None detected 45
Miscarriage None detected 46
Cohort PTB, SGA None detected 48
Wainstock et al., 2021 913 Israel Cohort PTB, pre-eclampsia, SGA None detected 49
Blakeway et al., 2021 140 England Cohort PTB, stillbirth, SGA, NICU admission, congenital abnormalities None detected 51
Maccabi Healthcare Services 24,288 Israel Cohort Miscarriage, PTB, stillbirth, pre-eclampsia, SGA, SARS-CoV-2 infection Reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection 52
Cohort PTB, SGA, congenital abnormalities, death and hospitalization of infants up to 6 months old None detected 50
Theiler et al., 2021 140 United States Cohort PTB, stillbirth, pre-eclampsia, SGA, NICU admission, SARS-CoV-2 infection Reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection 53
UK Health Security Agency 58,165 United Kingdom Cohort PTB, stillbirth, SGA None detected 54

Results from the 12 studies summarized show no increased risk of any poor obstetric outcome associated with COVID-19 vaccination. The total number of participants included in these studies is 185,309. This has been calculated as the sum of all participants, except for those in Blakeway et al.51 and Stock et al.8, who are also included in the UK Health Security Agency data and would otherwise be counted twice.